{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:08:12Z","timestamp":1792840092321,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]],"date-time":"2018-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,5]],"date-time":"2018-04-05T17:59:47Z","timestamp":1522951187000},"page":"1274-1286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Electroencephalographic markers of brain development during sevoflurane anaesthesia in children up to 3 years old"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Cornelissen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.E.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.N.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.L.","family":"Purdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.B.","family":"Berde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-060909-153200","article-title":"General anesthesia and altered states of arousal: a systems neuroscience analysis","volume":"34","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000841","article-title":"Clinical electroencephalography for anesthesiologists: part I: background and basic signatures","volume":"123","author":"Purdon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8832","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017041108","article-title":"Tracking brain states under general anesthesia by using global coherence analysis","volume":"108","author":"Cimenser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1142","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1221180110","article-title":"Electroencephalogram signatures of loss and recovery of consciousness from propofol","volume":"110","author":"Purdon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex170","article-title":"Frontal alpha-delta EEG does not preclude volitional response during anaesthesia: prospective cohort study of the isolated forearm technique","volume":"119","author":"Gaskell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e06513","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.06513","article-title":"Age-dependent electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns during sevoflurane general anesthesia in infants","volume":"4","author":"Cornelissen","year":"2015","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2007.02359.x","article-title":"The electroencephalograph during anesthesia and emergence in infants and children","volume":"18","author":"Davidson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.04.028","article-title":"Neonatal electroencephalography shows low sensitivity to anesthesia","volume":"517","author":"Hayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet409","article-title":"Age-related changes in EEG power spectra in infants during sevoflurane wash-out","volume":"112","author":"Sury","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i66","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev114","article-title":"Age-dependency of sevoflurane-induced electroencephalogram dynamics in children","volume":"115","author":"Akeju","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.06.020","article-title":"Chronux: a platform for analyzing neural signals","volume":"192","author":"Bokil","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E5","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702877115","article-title":"State-space multitaper time-frequency analysis","volume":"115","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","article-title":"EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000436","article-title":"Effects of sevoflurane and propofol on frontal electroencephalogram power and coherence","volume":"121","author":"Akeju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib15","series-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1214\/10-AOS868","article-title":"TFT-bootstrap: resampling time series in the frequency domain to obtain replicates in the time domain","volume":"39","author":"Kirch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13061","article-title":"Electroencephalographic discontinuity during sevoflurane anesthesia in infants and children","volume":"27","author":"Cornelissen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3377","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1210907109","article-title":"Rapid fragmentation of neuronal networks at the onset of propofol-induced unconsciousness","volume":"109","author":"Lewis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22665","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017069108","article-title":"Thalamocortical model for a propofol-induced alpha-rhythm associated with loss of consciousness","volume":"107","author":"Ching","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.07.026","article-title":"The development of the nociceptive brain","volume":"338","author":"Verriotis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.1.5","article-title":"Developmental science and the media. Early brain development","volume":"56","author":"Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib22","series-title":"The Postnatal Development of the Human Cerebral cortex","author":"Corel","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.12.044","article-title":"The early development of brain white matter: a review of imaging studies in fetuses, newborns and infants","volume":"276C","author":"Dubois","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.1.91","article-title":"The denver II: a major revision and restandardization of the denver developmental screening test","volume":"89","author":"Frankenburg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/87.3.421","article-title":"Quantitative EEG changes associated with loss and return of consciousness in healthy adult volunteers anaesthetized with propofol or sevoflurane","volume":"87","author":"Gugino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9095","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5516-09.2010","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical connectivity changes during decreasing levels of consciousness in humans: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using propofol","volume":"30","author":"Mhuircheartaigh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25155","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025155","article-title":"Preferential inhibition of frontal-to-parietal feedback connectivity is a neurophysiologic correlate of general anesthesia in surgical patients","volume":"6","author":"Ku","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006007","article-title":"Slow-wave activity saturation and thalamocortical isolation during propofol anesthesia in humans","volume":"5","author":"Mhuircheartaigh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.08.013","article-title":"Factoring the brain signatures of anesthesia concentration and level of arousal across individuals","volume":"9","author":"Barttfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000482","article-title":"Neurophysiological correlates of sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness","volume":"122","author":"Blain-Moraes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i46","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aev213","article-title":"The ageing brain: age-dependent changes in the electroencephalogram during propofol and sevoflurane general anaesthesia","volume":"115","author":"Purdon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163431","article-title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of dexmedetomidine-induced electroencephalogram oscillations","volume":"11","author":"Akeju","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2017.00036","article-title":"Changes in alpha frequency and power of the electroencephalogram during volatile-based general anesthesia","volume":"11","author":"Hight","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2017.00038","article-title":"Lack of responsiveness during the onset and offset of sevoflurane anesthesia is associated with decreased awake-alpha oscillation power","volume":"11","author":"Pavone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.03128.x","article-title":"Anesthetic-specific electroencephalographic patterns during emergence from sevoflurane and isoflurane in infants and children","volume":"19","author":"Lo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib36","first-page":"487","article-title":"Normal postnatal development of the corpus callosum as demonstrated by MR imaging","volume":"9","author":"Barkovich","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7849","article-title":"Progression of corpus callosum diffusion-tensor imaging values during a period of signal changes consistent with myelination","volume":"198","author":"Provenzale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1787","article-title":"Critical period plasticity in local cortical circuits","volume":"6","author":"Hensch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.10.041","article-title":"Electroencephalography during general anaesthesia differs between term-born and premature-born children","volume":"127","author":"Poorun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib40","series-title":"Changes in the propofol-induced frontal electroencephalogram in children with autism spectrum disorder","author":"Walsh","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.128","article-title":"Lasting impact of general anaesthesia on the brain: mechanisms and relevance","volume":"17","author":"Vutskits","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091218301296?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091218301296?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T15:32:18Z","timestamp":1720193538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091218301296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091218301296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.037","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/165902","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}}}