{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:48:00Z","timestamp":1790113680725,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Foundations at Rigshospitalet","award":["E-22972-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-22972-04"]}]},{"name":"Research Foundations at Rigshospitalet","award":["E-22972-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-22972-02"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001734","name":"University of Copenhagen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjanaesthesia.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,17]],"date-time":"2019-05-17T02:51:14Z","timestamp":1558061474000},"page":"196-205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["The association between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and cerebral oximetry during cardiac surgery: a secondary analysis of a randomised trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Frederik","family":"Holmgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne G.","family":"Vedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars S.","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf B.","family":"Paulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens C.","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne B.","family":"Ravn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030308","article-title":"High-target vs low-target blood pressure management during cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent cerebral injury in cardiac surgery patients \u2013 a randomized controlled trial","volume":"137","author":"Vedel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2010.03.019","article-title":"The relationship between cerebral oxygen saturation changes and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"25","author":"De Tournay-Jett","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2008.01.012","article-title":"Prediction of cognitive dysfunction and patients\u2019 outcome following valvular heart surgery and the role of cerebral oximetry","volume":"33","author":"Hong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002812","article-title":"Electroencephalography and brain oxygenation monitoring in the perioperative period","volume":"128","author":"Scheeren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib5","first-page":"CD010947","article-title":"Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for perioperative monitoring of brain oxygenation in children and adults","volume":"1","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1177\/1089253207311685","article-title":"A\u00a0proposed algorithm for the intraoperative use of cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"11","author":"Denault","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016613","article-title":"Effects of cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy on the outcome of patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review of randomised trials","volume":"7","author":"Serraino","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-018-1065-7","article-title":"Intraoperative cerebral oximetry-based management for optimizing perioperative outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"65","author":"Zorrilla-Vaca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.05.074","article-title":"Differences in regional cerebral oximetry during cardiac surgery for patients with or without postoperative cerebral ischaemic lesions evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"121","author":"Holmgaard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1373-6","article-title":"Perfusion Pressure Cerebral Infarct (PPCI) trial - the importance of mean arterial pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent cerebral complications after cardiac surgery: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Vedel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07382-0","article-title":"Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly: ISPOCD1 study","volume":"351","author":"Moller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001029","article-title":"Cerebral oximetry monitoring to maintain normal cerebral oxygen saturation during high-risk cardiac surgery","volume":"124","author":"Deschamps","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2003.00057.x","article-title":"Does anaesthesia cause postoperative cognitive dysfunction? A randomised study of regional versus general anaesthesia in 438 elderly patients","volume":"47","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200703000-00006","article-title":"Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older patients with preoperative cognitive impairment","volume":"106","author":"Silverstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s10047-016-0941-6","article-title":"Factors associated with a low initial cerebral oxygen saturation value in patients undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"20","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib16","first-page":"329","article-title":"Cognitive dysfunction after cardiovascular surgery","volume":"75","author":"Funder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000166974.96219.cd","article-title":"Continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation in elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery minimizes brain exposure to potential hypoxia","volume":"101","author":"Casati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib18","first-page":"367","article-title":"Evaluation of an intraoperative algorithm based on near-infrared refracted spectroscopy monitoring, in the intraoperative decision for shunt placement, in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy","volume":"21","author":"Zogogiannis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Middle East J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8090-8-145","article-title":"Monitoring of brain oxygen saturation (INVOS) in a protocol to direct blood transfusions during cardiac surgery: a prospective randomized clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Vretzakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9784.109740","article-title":"Impact of monitoring cerebral oxygen saturation on the outcome of patients undergoing open heart surgery","volume":"16","author":"Mohandas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaestheisa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezu193","article-title":"Influence of intraoperative cerebral oximetry monitoring on neurocognitive function after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized, prospective study","volume":"47","author":"Colak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio-thoracic Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2004.07.007","article-title":"Cerebral oxygen desaturation is associated with early postoperative neuropsychological dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"18","author":"Yao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12634","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot study of cerebral tissue oxygenation and postoperative cognitive dysfunction among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting randomised to surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"69","author":"Kok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03618-4","article-title":"Cerebral oxygen saturation assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy during coronary artery bypass grafting and early postoperative cognitive function","volume":"74","author":"Reents","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002194","article-title":"Neurocognitive function after cardiac surgery from phenotypes to mechanisms","volume":"129","author":"Berger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.11.087","article-title":"Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery\u20142018","volume":"121","author":"Evered","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib27","series-title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy in adult cardiac surgery\u202f: between conflicting results and unexpected uses","first-page":"659","author":"Nenna","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181fef34e","article-title":"Preoperative cerebral oxygen saturation and clinical outcomes in cardiac surgery","volume":"114","author":"Heringlake","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31824c00d7","article-title":"Impact of extracranial contamination on regional cerebral oxygen saturation","volume":"116","author":"Davie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cerebral metabolism and vascular reactivity during breath-hold and hypoxic challenge in freedivers and healthy controls","volume":"0","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199612193352501","article-title":"Adverse cerebral outcomes after coronary bypass surgery","volume":"335","author":"Roach","year":"1996","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200206000-00014","article-title":"Postoperative cognitive dysfunction in middle-aged patients","volume":"96","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2012.03.011","article-title":"Short-term practice effects and variability in cognitive testing in a healthy elderly population","volume":"47","author":"Krenk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2015.12.015","article-title":"Impact of norepinephrine on regional cerebral oxygenation during cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"30","author":"Hagen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182605afe","article-title":"Cutaneous vasoconstriction affects near-infrared spectroscopy determined cerebral oxygen saturation during administration of norepinephrine","volume":"117","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holmgaard F, Vedel AG, Lange T, Nilsson JC, Ravn HB. Impact of 2 distinct levels of mean arterial pressure on near-infrared spectroscopy during cardiac surgery: secondary outcome from a randomized clinical trial. Anesth Analg. Advance Access published on May 9, 2018, doi:10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003418","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003418"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091219303265?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091219303265?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T18:55:51Z","timestamp":1757789751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091219303265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091219303265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and cerebral oximetry during cardiac surgery: a secondary analysis of a randomised trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.045","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}