{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:21:19Z","timestamp":1788866479023,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21-AG074232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21-AG074232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AG057525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AG057525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AARG-643070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AARG-643070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjanaesthesia.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T04:57:06Z","timestamp":1655441826000},"page":"147-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Breaking barriers in postoperative delirium"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1803-5853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Terrando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Akassoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00223-4","article-title":"Delirium","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","article-title":"Delirium in elderly people","volume":"383","author":"Inouye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.01.005","article-title":"Postoperative delirium and changes in the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and cerebrospinal fluid lactate: a prospective cohort study","volume":"129","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100617-062608","article-title":"Development and cell biology of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"35","author":"Langen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2453-z","article-title":"Physiological blood-brain transport is impaired with age by a shift in transcytosis","volume":"583","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.188","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier breakdown in Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"14","author":"Sweeney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-00812-1","article-title":"Neuroinflammation after surgery: from mechanisms to therapeutic targets","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014557107","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha triggers a cytokine cascade yielding postoperative cognitive decline","volume":"107","author":"Terrando","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22082","article-title":"Role of interleukin-1beta in postoperative cognitive dysfunction","volume":"68","author":"Cibelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22664","article-title":"Resolving postoperative neuroinflammation and cognitive decline","volume":"70","author":"Terrando","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.10.062","article-title":"Maresin 1 attenuates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of perioperative neurocognitive disorders","volume":"122","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00902","article-title":"Anesthesia and surgery impair blood-brain barrier and cognitive function in mice","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.11.096","article-title":"Interleukin-6 is both necessary and sufficient to produce perioperative neurocognitive disorder in mice","volume":"120","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12064","article-title":"Neurovascular and immune mechanisms that regulate postoperative delirium superimposed on dementia","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97509","article-title":"Blood will out: vascular contributions to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"128","author":"Strickland","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.13","article-title":"Fibrinogen in neurological diseases: mechanisms, imaging and therapeutics","volume":"19","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00354","article-title":"Breaking boundaries\u2014coagulation and fibrinolysis at the neurovascular interface","volume":"9","author":"Bardehle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.10.008","article-title":"Fibrinogen activates BMP signaling in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and inhibits remyelination after vascular damage","volume":"96","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14466-y","article-title":"Fibrinogen induces neural stem cell differentiation into astrocytes in the subventricular zone via BMP signaling","volume":"11","author":"Pous","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201544","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid proteome changes in older non-cardiac surgical patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction","volume":"80","author":"VanDusen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.014","article-title":"Fibrinogen induces microglia-mediated spine elimination and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"101","author":"Merlini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070304","article-title":"Fibrin deposition accelerates neurovascular damage and neuroinflammation in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"204","author":"Paul","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.149.5.1157","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activator-mediated fibrinolysis protects against axonal degeneration and demyelination after sciatic nerve injury","volume":"149","author":"Akassoglou","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabm4459","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm4459","article-title":"Engineered Wnt ligands enable blood-brain barrier repair in neurological disorders","volume":"375","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0232-x","article-title":"Fibrin-targeting immunotherapy protects against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration","volume":"19","author":"Ryu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0671-z","article-title":"The immunology of blood: connecting the dots at the neurovascular interface","volume":"21","author":"Akassoglou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3251","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier disruption after cardiac surgery","volume":"34","author":"Merino","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e809","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001739","article-title":"Endothelial activation and blood-brain barrier injury as risk factors for delirium in critically ill patients","volume":"44","author":"Hughes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz354","article-title":"Postoperative delirium is associated with increased plasma neurofilament light","volume":"143","author":"Casey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2011.1185","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in delirium: a postmortem case-control study","volume":"14","author":"Munster","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.4913","article-title":"Association of changes in plasma neurofilament light and tau levels with anesthesia and surgery: results from the CAPACITY and ARCADIAN Studies","volume":"75","author":"Evered","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a020412","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020412","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier","volume":"7","author":"Daneman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091222002410?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091222002410?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T03:13:42Z","timestamp":1778642022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091222002410"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091222002410"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Breaking barriers in postoperative delirium","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2022.01.005","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}