{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T08:54:37Z","timestamp":1793436877131,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP-PG-0217-10001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP-PG-0217-10001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjanaesthesia.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T08:02:21Z","timestamp":1682496141000},"page":"56-66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Opportunities for shared decision-making about major surgery with high-risk patients: a multi-method qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7014-4793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara E.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2930-1125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupert","family":"Pearse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester","family":"Avagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3464-2477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark E.","family":"Edsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Everest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13105","article-title":"Shared decision making in surgery: a scoping review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Niburski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib2","series-title":"UKSC11 on appeal from [2013]","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib3","series-title":"Good medical practice","author":"General Medical Council","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib4","series-title":"NHS Constitution: the NHS belongs to us all","author":"Department of Health","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib5","series-title":"Guidelines for the provision of anaesthesia services","author":"Key","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib6","series-title":"Shared decision making \u2014 NICE guideline [NG197]","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14504","article-title":"Shared decision-making in peri-operative medicine: a narrative review","volume":"74","author":"Sturgess","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib8","series-title":"Dying in America: improving quality and honoring individual preferences near the end of life","volume":"638","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib9","unstructured":"ABIM Foundation. Choosing wisely. Avilable from: https:\/\/www.choosingwisely.org\/ (accessed 2 May 2019)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11009","article-title":"Systematic review of shared decision-making in surgery","volume":"105","author":"de Mik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815620558","article-title":"Shared decision making and choice for elective surgical care: a systematic review","volume":"154","author":"Boss","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2013.10.031","article-title":"Knowledge is not power for patients: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of patient-reported barriers and facilitators to shared decision making","volume":"94","author":"Joseph-Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61148-9","article-title":"Mortality after surgery in Europe: a 7 day cohort study","volume":"380","author":"Pearse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11148","article-title":"Age of patients undergoing surgery","volume":"106","author":"Fowler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew316","article-title":"Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries","volume":"117","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199810000-00006","article-title":"The Department of Veterans Affairs' NSQIP: the first national, validated, outcome-based, risk-adjusted, and peer-controlled program for the measurement and enhancement of the\u00a0quality of surgical care. National VA Surgical Quality\u00a0Improvement Program","volume":"228","author":"Khuri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.08.014","article-title":"Elective surgical patients' narratives of hospitalization: the co-construction of safety","volume":"98","author":"Doherty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13934","article-title":"A\u00a0survey of UK peri-operative medicine: pre-operative care","volume":"72","author":"Bougeard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001645","article-title":"Patient-reported limitations to surgical buy-in: a qualitative study of patients facing high-risk surgery","volume":"265","author":"Nabozny","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000314","article-title":"It's big surgery: preoperative expressions of risk, responsibility, and commitment to treatment after high-risk operations","volume":"259","author":"Pecanac","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001081","article-title":"Constructing high-stakes surgical decisions: it's better to die trying","volume":"263","author":"Nabozny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.1308","article-title":"Engaging patients, health care professionals, and community members to improve preoperative decision making for older adults facing high-risk surgery","volume":"151","author":"Steffens","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2021.05.029","article-title":"Informed consent and informed decision-making in high-risk surgery: a quantitative analysis","volume":"233","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.047709","article-title":"Informed decision-making in elective major vascular surgery: analysis of 145 surgeon-patient consultations","volume":"54","author":"Etchells","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-020-01211-0","article-title":"Shared decision making in surgery: a scoping review of patient and surgeon preferences","volume":"20","author":"Shinkunas","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-033703","article-title":"Understanding decision making about major surgery: protocol for a qualitative study of shared decision making by high-risk patients and their clinical teams","volume":"10","author":"Shaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90129-5","article-title":"Validation of a combined comorbidity index","volume":"47","author":"Charlson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2005.014712","article-title":"Narrative methods in quality improvement research","volume":"14","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Saf Health Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib29","series-title":"The silent world of doctor and patient","author":"Katz","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2007.01064.x","article-title":"Distributed decision making: the anatomy of decisions-in-action","volume":"30","author":"Rapley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2014.07.027","article-title":"Collaborative deliberation: a model for patient care","volume":"97","author":"Elwyn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002610","article-title":"Surgical consultation as social process: implications for shared decision making","volume":"269","author":"Clapp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2307\/258774","article-title":"Genres of organizational communication: a structurational approach to studying communication and media","volume":"17","author":"Yates","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acad Manage Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib34","series-title":"Qualitative data analysis: a methods sourcebook","author":"Miles","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib35","series-title":"The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research","author":"Glaser","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000714","article-title":"\u201cAnd I think that we can fix it\u201d: mental models used in righ-risk surgical decision making","volume":"261","author":"Kruser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459315611870","article-title":"The consent process: enabling or disabling patients\u2019 active participation?","volume":"21","author":"Doherty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2021.02.005","article-title":"High-risk surgery among older adults: not-quite shared decision-making","volume":"170","author":"De Roo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2292-3","article-title":"What surgeons tell patients and what patients want to know before major cancer surgery: a qualitative study","volume":"16","author":"McNair","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2015.10.011","article-title":"Supporting shared decision making using an Option Grid for osteoarthritis of the knee in an interface musculoskeletal clinic: a stepped wedge trial","volume":"99","author":"Elwyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib41","article-title":"A three-talk model for shared decision making: multistage consultation process","volume":"35942","author":"Elwyn","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv209","article-title":"How to routinely collect data on patient-reported outcome and experience measures in renal registries in Europe: an expert consensus meeting","volume":"30","author":"Breckenridge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol Dialysis Transplant"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091223001459?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091223001459?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T19:07:09Z","timestamp":1757790429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091223001459"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091223001459"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Opportunities for shared decision-making about major surgery with high-risk patients: a multi-method qualitative study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2023.03.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Journal of Anaesthesia.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}