{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T05:20:20Z","timestamp":1793337620595,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjanaesthesia.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T15:26:39Z","timestamp":1702308399000},"page":"779-788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association of ketamine use during procedural sedation with oxygen desaturation and healthcare utilisation: a multicentre retrospective hospital registry study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5685-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elie","family":"Salloum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2140-7307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Lotte Seibold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Azimaraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2307-0864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u00edra I.","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Beier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8186-4748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian S.","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4322-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William J.","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6183-5971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7286-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Fassbender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4458-7152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Kiyatkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7893-0596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Eikermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2444-8275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karuna","family":"Wongtangman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt196563279","article-title":"Pharmacologic effects of CI-581, a new disccociative anesthetic, in man","volume":"6","author":"Domino","year":"1965","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200206000-00010","article-title":"Is propofol safe for procedural sedation in children? A prospective evaluation of propofol versus ketamine in pediatric critical care","volume":"30","author":"Vardi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31823d010a","article-title":"Ketamine activates breathing and abolishes the coupling between loss of consciousness and upper airway dilator muscle dysfunction","volume":"116","author":"Eikermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666221119716","article-title":"Effects of ketamine infusion on breathing and encephalography in spontaneously breathing ICU patients","volume":"38","author":"Suleiman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2007.05298.x","article-title":"Ketamine","volume":"62","author":"Craven","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.182085","article-title":"Intravenous sub-anesthetic ketamine for perioperative analgesia","volume":"32","author":"Gorlin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004967","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the combination of propofol and ketamine for procedural sedation\/anesthesia in the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Hayes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181d3d7f6","article-title":"Propofol preferentially relaxes neurokinin receptor-2-induced airway smooth muscle contraction in Guinea pig trachea","volume":"112","author":"Gleason","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib9","series-title":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs","article-title":"Overview of major ambulatory surgeries performed in hospital-owned facilities","author":"McDermott","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31821c3e8e","article-title":"National incidence of use of monitored anesthesia care","volume":"113","author":"Bayman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"CR575","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.883354","article-title":"Ketamine, propofol and low dose remifentanil versus propofol and remifentanil for ERCP outside the operating room: is ketamine not only a \u2018rescue drug\u2019?","volume":"18","author":"Fabbri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib12","first-page":"26","article-title":"Ketamine sedation for pediatric gastroenterology procedures","volume":"32","author":"Green","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.5603\/AIT.a2016.0019","article-title":"Comparison of ketamine-propofol and remifentanil in terms of hemodynamic variables and patient satisfaction during monitored anaesthesia care","volume":"48","author":"Oncul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carrev.2012.02.002","article-title":"Transcatheter aortic valve replacement under monitored anesthesia care versus general anesthesia with intubation","volume":"13","author":"Ben-Dor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Revasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e3180a72255","article-title":"Monitored anesthesia care with a combination of ketamine and dexmedetomidine during cardiac catheterization","volume":"15","author":"Mester","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2023.08.003","article-title":"Outpatient percutaneous image-guided microwave ablation with monitored anesthesia care: an exploratory study","volume":"102","author":"Drabkin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01170-7","article-title":"Empirical ratio of the combined use of S-ketamine and propofol in electroconvulsive therapy and its impact on seizure quality","volume":"271","author":"Sartorius","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.08.032","article-title":"A\u00a0blinded, randomized controlled trial to evaluate ketamine\/propofol versus ketamine alone for procedural sedation in children","volume":"57","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173253","article-title":"Intranasal ketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia in children: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Poonai","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000423","article-title":"Sedation and analgesia for dressing change: a survey of American Burn Association burn centers","volume":"38","author":"Myers","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irz164","article-title":"Sedation and analgesia for adult outpatient burn dressing change: a survey of American Burn Association centers","volume":"41","author":"Voss","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200004000-00016","article-title":"The use of a ketamine-propofol combination during monitored anesthesia care","volume":"90","author":"Badrinath","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2007.053421","article-title":"Intravenous ketamine for adult procedural sedation in the emergency department: a prospective cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Newton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.11.025","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial of ketamine\/propofol versus propofol alone for emergency department procedural sedation","volume":"57","author":"David","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12737","article-title":"Ketamine-propofol versus propofol alone for procedural sedation in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.11.030","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation: 2011 update","volume":"57","author":"Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.08.032","article-title":"Dose-dependent relationship between intra-procedural hypoxaemia or hypocapnia and postoperative delirium in older patients","volume":"130","author":"Ahrens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14517","article-title":"The association of early postoperative desaturation in the operating theatre with hospital discharge to a skilled nursing or long-term care facility","volume":"74","author":"Rostin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex128","article-title":"High intraoperative inspiratory oxygen fraction and risk of major respiratory complications","volume":"119","author":"Staehr-Rye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12875","article-title":"Incidence of adverse events in adults undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Bellolio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib32","unstructured":"Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. ACGME program requirements for graduate medical education In Anesthesiology. Published 2022. https:\/\/www.acgme.org\/globalassets\/pfassets\/programrequirements\/040_anesthesiology_2022.pdf [accessed January 22, 2023]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1159\/000438675","article-title":"Ketamine-induced hallucinations","volume":"48","author":"Powers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.12.005","article-title":"Adverse events associated with ketamine for procedural sedation in adults","volume":"26","author":"Strayer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-966725","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial on use of propofol alone versus propofol with midazolam, ketamine, and pentazocine \u2018sedato-analgesic cocktail\u2019 for sedation during ERCP","volume":"39","author":"Ong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2000.111131","article-title":"Does midazolam alter the clinical effects of intravenous ketamine sedation in children? A double-blind, randomized, controlled, emergency department trial","volume":"36","author":"Wathen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199901000-00023","article-title":"Stereoselective interaction of ketamine with recombinant mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells","volume":"90","author":"Hirota","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex002","article-title":"Postoperative pulmonary complications","volume":"118","author":"Miskovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181fc6e0a","article-title":"Prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications in a population-based surgical cohort","volume":"113","author":"Canet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200408-1069OC","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for pulmonary complications after nonthoracic surgery","volume":"171","author":"McAlister","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-021-01992-6","article-title":"Hypoxemia during procedural sedation in adult patients: a retrospective observational study","volume":"68","author":"van Schaik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2000.01520.x","article-title":"Hypoxia during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with and without sedation and the effect of pre-oxygenation on oxygen saturation","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.03.012","article-title":"The aging respiratory system--pulmonary structure, function and neural control","volume":"187","author":"Lalley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L205","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00330.2013","article-title":"Interrelated role of cigarette smoking, oxidative stress, and immune response in COPD and corresponding treatments","volume":"307","author":"Zuo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2147\/ciia.2006.1.3.253","article-title":"Effect of aging on respiratory system physiology and immunology","volume":"1","author":"Sharma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2012.04.030","article-title":"Clinical effects of adjunctive atropine during ketamine sedation in pediatric emergency patients","volume":"30","author":"Kye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1993.tb06798.x","article-title":"Incidence and magnitude of hypoxaemia with ketamine in a rural African hospital","volume":"48","author":"Pederson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001532","article-title":"What factors predict adverse discharge disposition in patients older than 60 years undergoing lower-extremity surgery? The Adverse Discharge in Older Patients after Lower-extremity Surgery (ADELES) risk score","volume":"479","author":"Schaefer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2020.08.028","article-title":"Development of an instrument for preoperative prediction of adverse discharge in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery","volume":"35","author":"Gosling","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib50","first-page":"1317","article-title":"Arterial oxygen desaturation during gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"85","author":"Dark","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib51","first-page":"115","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory changes during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"7","author":"Osinaike","year":"2007","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.5143","article-title":"Beyond 30-day mortality: aligning surgical quality with outcomes that patients value","volume":"149","author":"Schwarze","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091223006414?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091223006414?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T19:08:53Z","timestamp":1757790533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091223006414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091223006414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association of ketamine use during procedural sedation with oxygen desaturation and healthcare utilisation: a multicentre retrospective hospital registry study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2023.11.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}