{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T22:43:49Z","timestamp":1784673829187,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjanaesthesia.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T01:17:41Z","timestamp":1725931061000},"page":"1062-1072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Working conditions during pregnancy: a survey of 3590 European anaesthesiologists and intensivists"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0033-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Zdravkovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9269-4657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Kabon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5518-0876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia","family":"Dow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Klincov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2496-6646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Bilotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8695-4264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Berger-Estilita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.9.1032","article-title":"US graduate medical education, 2003\u20132004","volume":"292","author":"Brotherton","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.10155","article-title":"Graduate medical education, 2018\u20132019","volume":"322","author":"Brotherton","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001787","article-title":"Welfare practices for anaesthesiology trainees in Europe: a descriptive cross-sectional survey study","volume":"40","author":"Berger-Estilita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021507000762","article-title":"Anaesthesia workforce in Europe","volume":"24","author":"Egger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.12.022","article-title":"Perceptions of gender equity in departmental leadership, research opportunities, and clinical work attitudes: an international survey of 11 781 anaesthesiologists","volume":"124","author":"Zdravkovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.01.005","article-title":"Women anaesthesiologists\u2019 attitudes and reported barriers to career advancement in anaesthesia: a survey of the European Society of Anaesthesiology","volume":"124","author":"Matot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201701-0076CP","article-title":"Gender parity in critical care medicine","volume":"196","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2023.07.003","article-title":"Perceptions of gender equity among critical care and other health professionals: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"37","author":"Thompson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5638","article-title":"Fertility and childbearing among American female physicians","volume":"25","author":"Stentz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.12.020","article-title":"Gender effects in anaesthesia training in Australia and New Zealand","volume":"124","author":"Pearce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X19861116","article-title":"Maternal wellbeing and pregnancy outcomes in anaesthetic trainees","volume":"47","author":"Zacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004615","article-title":"Motherhood and anesthesiology: a survey of the American society of anesthesiologists","volume":"130","author":"Kraus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib13","first-page":"E656","article-title":"Pregnancy and motherhood for trainees in anesthesiology: a aurvey of the American Society of Anesthesiologists","volume":"23","author":"Kraus","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Educ Perioper Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2021.07.011","article-title":"Pregnancy in physicians: a scoping review","volume":"223","author":"Casilla-Lennon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.23392","article-title":"European anesthesiologists\u2019 experiences with gender-based mistreatment in the workplace: a secondary multilevel regression analysis","volume":"77","author":"Berger-Estilita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib16","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6.3.e34","article-title":"Improving the quality of web surveys: the checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES)","volume":"6","author":"Eysenbach","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Internet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14867","article-title":"An international survey about rapid sequence intubation of 10,003 anaesthetists and 16 airway experts","volume":"75","author":"Zdravkovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000215","article-title":"Practice of debriefing of critical events: a survey-based cross-sectional study of Portuguese anesthesiologists","volume":"8","author":"Teles","year":"2023","journal-title":"Porto Biomed J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001923","article-title":"Fatigue among anaesthesiologists in Europe: Findings from a joint EBA\/NASC survey","volume":"41","author":"Camilleri Podesta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib21","series-title":"SAGE Research Methods Foundations","article-title":"Snowball Sampling","author":"Parker","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Occupational risks to pregnant anesthesia trainees and physicians: are we ignoring something important?","volume":"61","author":"Mangla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.2571","article-title":"Factors associated with residency and career dissatisfaction in childbearing surgical residents","volume":"153","author":"Rangel","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2024.2311072","article-title":"Pregnancy complications and loss: an observational survey comparing anesthesiologists and obstetrician-gynecologists","volume":"37","author":"Barnett","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.13521","article-title":"Evaluation of adverse pregnancy outcomes in physicians compared with nonphysicians","volume":"5","author":"Cusimano","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(15)30359-5","article-title":"Obstetrical complications in pregnant medical and surgical residents","volume":"37","author":"Behbehani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.09.978","article-title":"Cardiovascular medicine and society: the pregnant cardiologist","volume":"69","author":"Sarma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/073993399245962","article-title":"Pregnancy during residency\u2014an Israeli survey of women physicians","volume":"20","author":"Pinhas-Hamiel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.06.051","article-title":"The impact of occupational shift work and working hours during pregnancy on health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"221","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47747-9","article-title":"Gender differences in empathy, compassion, and prosocial donations, but not theory of mind in a naturalistic social task","volume":"13","author":"McDonald","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.9.1563","article-title":"Physician empathy: definition, components, measurement, and relationship to gender and specialty","volume":"159","author":"Hojat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2016.06.018","article-title":"Resident perceptions on pregnancy during training: 2008 to 2015","volume":"212","author":"Mundschenk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k4926","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4926","article-title":"Physician mothers\u2019 experience of workplace discrimination: a qualitative analysis","volume":"363","author":"Halley","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200304000-00021","article-title":"Pregnancy during residency: a literature review","volume":"78","author":"Finch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000003351","article-title":"Pregnancy and parenthood remain challenging during surgical residency: a systematic review","volume":"95","author":"Todd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2002.127685","article-title":"Maternity policy and practice during surgery residency: how we do it","volume":"132","author":"Carty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib37","first-page":"990","article-title":"Motherhood during residency training: challenges and strategies","volume":"51","author":"Walsh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib38","series-title":"Federal Law Gazette","first-page":"54","article-title":"Maternity Protection Act","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/aet2.10504","article-title":"Flexible scheduling policy for pregnant and new parent residents: a descriptive pilot study","volume":"5","author":"Chernoby","year":"2021","journal-title":"AEM Educ Train"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091224004653?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091224004653?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T21:00:17Z","timestamp":1762030817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091224004653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091224004653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Working conditions during pregnancy: a survey of 3590 European anaesthesiologists and intensivists","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}