{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:58:33Z","timestamp":1788454713772,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjanaesthesia.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T15:24:47Z","timestamp":1733844287000},"page":"14-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The fine line between relief and risk: new insights into postoperative delirium"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8695-4264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Berger-Estilita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2496-6646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Bilotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib1","article-title":"Postoperative pain and neurocognitive outcomes after non-cardiac surgery: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","author":"Khaled","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib2","first-page":"781","article-title":"The impact of postoperative pain on the development of postoperative delirium","volume":"86","author":"Lynch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000199156.59226.af","article-title":"Postoperative delirium: the importance of pain and pain management","volume":"102","author":"Vaurio","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.01.069","article-title":"Does preoperative risk for delirium moderate the effects of postoperative pain and opiate use on postoperative delirium?","volume":"21","author":"Leung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae073","article-title":"Understanding the association between pain and delirium in older hospital inpatients: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"White","year":"2024","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2021.106063","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative delirium: an umbrella review of systematic reviews","volume":"93","author":"Bramley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.37239","article-title":"Perioperative factors associated with postoperative delirium in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Sadeghirad","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.06.063","article-title":"Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management","volume":"125","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.016817","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of postoperative delirium in the older acute care surgery population: a prospective study","volume":"62","author":"Saravana-Bawan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M76","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/58.1.M76","article-title":"Relationship between pain and opioid analgesics on the development of delirium following hip fracture","volume":"58","author":"Morrison","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.032","article-title":"Perioperative risk factors associated with increased incidence of postoperative delirium: systematic review, meta-analysis, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system report of clinical literature","volume":"130","author":"Mevorach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2023.01.020","article-title":"Pain management and opioid stewardship in adult cardiac surgery: joint consensus report of the PeriOperative Quality Initiative and the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Cardiac Society","volume":"166","author":"Grant","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14033","article-title":"Relationship between pain, opioid treatment, and delirium in older emergency department patients","volume":"27","author":"Daoust","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6004","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56675-1","article-title":"Opioid use and subsequent delirium risk in patients with advanced cancer in palliative care: a multicenter registry study","volume":"14","author":"Yoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.05.033","article-title":"Characteristics associated with effectiveness in postoperative delirium research: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials with meta-regression and meta-analysis","volume":"133","author":"Meng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-019-0303-2","article-title":"Type D personality is a predictor of prolonged acute brain dysfunction (delirium\/coma) after cardiovascular surgery","volume":"7","author":"Matsuishi","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6312","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10302-z","article-title":"The effect of preoperative patient-reported anxiety on morbidity and mortality outcomes in patients undergoing major general surgery","volume":"12","author":"Kassahun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16188","article-title":"The impact of pre-operative depression on pain outcomes after major surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31819b5ba6","article-title":"Measures of executive function and depression identify patients at risk for postoperative delirium","volume":"110","author":"Greene","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001656","article-title":"Pain catastrophizing moderates relationships between pain intensity and opioid prescription: nonlinear sex differences revealed using a learning health system","volume":"127","author":"Sharifzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(99)00012-8","article-title":"Influence of psychological stress on immune-inflammatory variables in normal humans. Part II. Altered serum concentrations of natural anti-inflammatory agents and soluble membrane antigens of monocytes and T lymphocytes","volume":"85","author":"Song","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.05.019","article-title":"Unravelling the pathophysiology of delirium: a focus on the role of aberrant stress responses","volume":"65","author":"Maclullich","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2020.135540","article-title":"The neurodevelopmental role of dopaminergic signaling in neurological disorders","volume":"741","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001343","article-title":"Patient-centered precision care in anaesthesia - the PC-square (PC) 2 approach","volume":"37","author":"Berger-Estilita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002963","article-title":"Drug-selective anesthetic insensitivity of zebrafish lacking \u03b3-aminobutyric acid type A receptor \u03b23 subunits","volume":"131","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00517.x","article-title":"The 118 A > G polymorphism in the human mu-opioid receptor gene may increase morphine requirements in patients with pain caused by malignant disease","volume":"48","author":"Klepstad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.DMPK-11-RG-134","article-title":"Impact of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on fentanyl pharmacokinetics and clinical responses in cancer patients undergoing conversion to a transdermal system","volume":"27","author":"Takashina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Metab Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib28","first-page":"545","article-title":"Role of pharmacogenomic biomarkers in predicting and improving drug response: part 1: the clinical significance of pharmacogenetic variants","volume":"38","author":"Ventola","year":"2013","journal-title":"P\u00a0T"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh200","article-title":"Principles of pharmacogenetics: implications for the anaesthetist","volume":"93","author":"Iohom","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet407","article-title":"Prediction of immediate postoperative pain using the analgesia\/nociception index: a prospective observational study","volume":"112","author":"Boselli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.07.057","article-title":"Reduced postoperative pain using nociception level-guided fentanyl dosing during sevoflurane anaesthesia: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"125","author":"Meijer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001308","article-title":"The nuts and bolts of multimodal anaesthesia in the 21st century: a primer for clinicians","volume":"36","author":"Lersch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.029","article-title":"Current approaches to acute postoperative pain management after major abdominal surgery: a narrative review and future directions","volume":"129","author":"Pirie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111506","article-title":"A\u00a0first assessment of the safe brain initiative care bundle for addressing postoperative delirium in the postanesthesia care unit","volume":"97","author":"Meco","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001876","article-title":"Update of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine evidence-based and consensus-based guideline on postoperative delirium in adult patients","volume":"41","author":"Aldecoa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091224006081?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091224006081?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T01:33:40Z","timestamp":1767231220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091224006081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091224006081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The fine line between relief and risk: new insights into postoperative delirium","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2024.10.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2024.08.032","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}