{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:57:48Z","timestamp":1791421068979,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007898","name":"Frances and Augustus Newman Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007898","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001297","name":"Royal College of Anaesthetists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjanaesthesia.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T20:15:41Z","timestamp":1736194541000},"page":"328-340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Characteristics of older patients undergoing surgery in the UK: SNAP-3, a snapshot observational study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9448-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire Jane","family":"Swarbrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bob","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7856-5931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen Abigail","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8641-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Poulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5318-9877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1869-2231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akshay","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4638-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith Stephanie","family":"Louise Partridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-6067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iain Keith","family":"Moppett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib1","series-title":"Population and Household Projections","article-title":"National population projections: 2020-based interim","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11148","article-title":"Age of patients undergoing surgery","volume":"106","author":"Fowler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003402","article-title":"Frailty in older patients undergoing emergency laparotomy: results from the UK Observational Emergency Laparotomy and Frailty (ELF) study","volume":"273","author":"Parmar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.11.011","article-title":"Death after surgery among patients with chronic disease: prospective study of routinely collected data in the English NHS","volume":"128","author":"Fowler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2015.12.024","article-title":"Lower extremity arterial reconstruction in octogenarians and older","volume":"34","author":"Hamdi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib6","series-title":"Multimorbidity: Technical Series on Safer Primary Care","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001566","article-title":"Measuring multimorbidity: selecting the right instrument for the purpose and the datasSource","volume":"59","author":"Suls","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4843","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4843","article-title":"Clinical assessment and management of multimorbidity: summary of NICE guidance","volume":"354","author":"Farmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people","volume":"381","author":"Clegg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly110","article-title":"Frailty and multimorbidity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Vetrano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-016-0329-8","article-title":"Frailty and post-operative outcomes in older surgical patients: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11770","article-title":"Frailty in older patients undergoing emergency colorectal surgery: USA National Surgical Quality Improvement Program analysis","volume":"107","author":"Simon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16907","article-title":"The prognostic performance of frailty for delirium and functional decline in vascular surgery patients","volume":"69","author":"Thillainadesan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025941","article-title":"Effect of frailty on quality of life in elderly patients after hip fracture: a longitudinal study","volume":"9","author":"Van de Ree","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.11.020","article-title":"Impact of frailty on outcomes in surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"218","author":"Panayi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002025","article-title":"Frailty, length of stay, and mortality in kidney transplant recipients: a national registry and prospective cohort study","volume":"266","author":"McAdams-DeMarco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx201","article-title":"Projections of multi-morbidity in the older population in England to 2035: estimates from the Population Ageing and Care simulation (PACSim) model","volume":"47","author":"Kingston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60240-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study","volume":"380","author":"Barnett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2021.55","article-title":"Frailty among older adults and its distribution in England","volume":"11","author":"Sinclair","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Frailty Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afad058","article-title":"Frailty transitions and prevalence in an ageing population: longitudinal analysis of primary care data from an open cohort of adults aged 50 and over in England, 2006\u20132017","volume":"52","author":"Walsh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15989","article-title":"Patient characteristics, anaesthetic workload and techniques in the UK: an analysis from the 7th National Audit Project (NAP7) activity survey","volume":"78","author":"Kane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib22","series-title":"Eighth Patient Report of the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010126","article-title":"Prevalence of multimorbidity and its association with outcomes in older emergency general surgical patients: an observational study","volume":"6","author":"Hewitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076803","article-title":"Study protocol for a national observational cohort investigating frailty, delirium and multimorbidity in older surgical patients: the third Sprint National Anaesthesia Project (SNAP 3)","volume":"13","author":"Swarbrick","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib25","series-title":"Guideline for Perioperative Care for People Living with Frailty Undergoing Elective and Emergency Surgery","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003257","article-title":"Accuracy and feasibility of clinically applied frailty instruments before surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"133","author":"Aucoin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afw039","article-title":"Development and validation of an electronic frailty index using routine primary care electronic health record data","volume":"45","author":"Clegg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib28","series-title":"R: A language and environment for Statistical computing","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(20)30038-6","article-title":"The longitudinal relationship between loneliness, social isolation, and frailty in older adults in England: a prospective analysis","volume":"2","author":"Davies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib30","series-title":"Ethnic group, England and Wales: Census 2021","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib32","series-title":"Health Survey for England 2019","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex137","article-title":"Frequency of surgical treatment and related hospital procedures in the UK: a national ecological study using hospital episode statistics","volume":"119","author":"Abbott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2023.5951","article-title":"Risk of mortality following surgery in patients with a previous cardiovascular event","volume":"159","author":"Chalitsios","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-022-00272-1","article-title":"Frailty in the over 65\u2019s undergoing elective surgery (FIT-65)\u2014a three-day study examining the prevalence of frailty in patients presenting for elective surgery","volume":"11","author":"Harrison","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perioper Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib37","series-title":"Perioperative Quality Improvement Programme Report 4, NIAA Health Services Research Centre","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002967","article-title":"Frailty as a predictor of death or new disability after surgery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"271","author":"McIsaac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-023-00975-3","article-title":"Frailty prevalence in 42 European countries by age and gender: development of the SHARE Frailty Atlas for Europe","volume":"46","author":"Pitter","year":"2024","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afy110","article-title":"The prevalence of frailty and its association with clinical outcomes in general surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Hewitt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.04.041","article-title":"Long-term disease interactions amongst surgical patients: a population cohort study","volume":"131","author":"Fowler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.3.M255","article-title":"Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care","volume":"59","author":"Fried","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib43","series-title":"Chief Medical Officer\u2019s Annual Report 2023 Health in an Ageing Society","author":"Whitty","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib44","unstructured":"Perioperative Care of People Living with Frailty, Centre for Perioperative Care, Centre for Perioperative Care and British Geriatrics Society, Royal College of Anaesthetists, date 22\/09\/21, Frailty Guideline Working Group, CPOC BGS Frailty Guideline 2021, URL https:\/\/www.cpoc.org.uk\/sites\/cpoc\/files\/documents\/2021-09\/CPOC-BGS-Frailty-Guideline-2021.pdf, [Accessed 18 September 2021]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib45","first-page":"68","article-title":"Association of Frailty with morbidity and mortality in emergency general surgery by procedural risk level","volume":"156","author":"Castillo-Angeles","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.5085","article-title":"Association of frailty and 1-year postoperative mortality following major elective noncardiac surgery: a population-based cohort study","volume":"151","author":"McIsaac","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15633","article-title":"Frailty in the older person undergoing elective surgery: a trigger for enhanced multidisciplinary management\u2014a narrative review","volume":"90","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2020","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib48","first-page":"CD012485","article-title":"Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service","volume":"1","author":"Eamer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10459","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of comprehensive geriatric assessment and optimization in vascular surgery","volume":"104","author":"Partridge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2022.08.009","article-title":"A\u00a0Description of interventions prompted by preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment and optimization in older elective noncardiac surgical patients","volume":"23","author":"Shahab","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003253","article-title":"Developing and validating subjective and objective risk-assessment measures for predicting mortality after major surgery: An international prospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Med"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091224007013?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091224007013?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,23]],"date-time":"2025-02-23T22:15:59Z","timestamp":1740348959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091224007013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091224007013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characteristics of older patients undergoing surgery in the UK: SNAP-3, a snapshot observational study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Journal of Anaesthesia.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}