{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:04:48Z","timestamp":1793271888613,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018552","name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Taizhou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20ywa59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ywa59"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018552","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007194","name":"Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZY2023030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2023030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007194","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007194","name":"Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y20220948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y20220948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007194","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjanaesthesia.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T16:25:38Z","timestamp":1742315138000},"page":"1709-1716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["ED50 and ED95 of remimazolam for loss of consciousness in young children: a dose-finding study for induction of anaesthesia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Yu-Hang","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le-Qi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5113-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John W.","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0966-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong-De","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4857-1809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Bin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9347-9860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Kun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Szmuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua-Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002152","article-title":"Inhalational versus intravenous induction of anesthesia in children with a high risk of perioperative respiratory adverse events: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Ramgolam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002043","volume":"128","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199102000-00004","article-title":"Propofol: effective dose and induction characteristics in unpremedicated children","volume":"74","author":"Hannallah","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4551","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S334100","article-title":"Efficacy of pre-treatment with remimazolam on prevention of propofol-induced injection pain in patients undergoing abortion or curettage: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198707000-00007","article-title":"Midazolam as an induction agent in children: a pharmacokinetic and clinical study","volume":"66","author":"Salonen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01299-8","article-title":"Remimazolam: first approval","volume":"80","author":"Keam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000267503.85085.c0","article-title":"CNS 7056: a novel ultra-short-acting Benzodiazepine","volume":"107","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003103","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remimazolam (CNS 7056) after continuous infusion in healthy male volunteers: part i. pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacodynamics","volume":"132","author":"Sch\u00fcttler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.109899","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic modeling for remimazolam in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in healthy subjects and in surgical subjects","volume":"66","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.05.027","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic properties of remimazolam in subjects with hepatic or renal impairment","volume":"127","author":"St\u00f6hr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16205","article-title":"Anaesthetic efficacy and postinduction hypotension with remimazolam compared with propofol: a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"79","author":"Fechner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.04.013","article-title":"Hypotension after general anaesthesia induction using remimazolam or propofol in geriatric patients undergoing sevoflurane anaesthesia with remifentanil: a single-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"133","author":"Takaki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib13","first-page":"Cd010546","article-title":"Band ligation versus beta-blockers for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding in children with chronic liver disease or portal vein thrombosis","volume":"9","author":"Gana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.08.019","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of remimazolam after intravenous infusion in anaesthetised children","volume":"131","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States: methods and development","volume":"11","author":"Kuczmarski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.02.040","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic analysis of intravenous bolus remimazolam for loss of consciousness in patients undergoing general anaesthesia: a randomised, prospective, double-blind study","volume":"129","author":"Chae","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000267514.42592.2a","article-title":"Advances in and limitations of up-and-down methodology: a pr\u00e9cis of clinical use, study design, and dose estimation in anesthesia research","volume":"107","author":"Pace","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199603000-00006","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of propofol after a single dose in children aged 1-3 years with minor burns. Comparison of three data analysis approaches","volume":"84","author":"Murat","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.02.005","article-title":"Remimazolam versus propofol for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Barbosa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.228","article-title":"A dose escalation study in sheep of the effects of the benzodiazepine CNS 7056 on sedation, the EEG and the respiratory and cardiovascular systems","volume":"155","author":"Upton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib21","first-page":"6071","article-title":"Effectiveness of remimazolam besylate combined with alfentanil for fiberoptic bronchoscopy with preserved spontaneous breathing: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16475","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of remimazolam tosilate for general anaesthesia in paediatric patients undergoing elective surgery: a multicentre, randomised, single-blind, controlled trial","volume":"80","author":"Fang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006718","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the performance of electroencephalogram parameters for monitoring the depth of sedation during remimazolam target-controlled infusion","volume":"138","author":"Bae","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091225000935?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091225000935?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:38:35Z","timestamp":1780274315000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091225000935"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091225000935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"ED50 and ED95 of remimazolam for loss of consciousness in young children: a dose-finding study for induction of anaesthesia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2025.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}