{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:48:35Z","timestamp":1791827315995,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjanaesthesia.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T12:27:09Z","timestamp":1766492829000},"page":"959-969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phase 1 single-centre, placebo and levobupivacaine controlled study in healthy volunteers to assess the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of LL10, a novel long-acting local anaesthetic"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1451-3100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liqun","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhe","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3735-0282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2737-8623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wensheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-105496","article-title":"Infectious complications following regional anesthesia: a narrative review and contemporary estimates of risk","volume":"50","author":"Selvamani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000258740.17193.ec","article-title":"Neurological complications after regional anesthesia: contemporary estimates of risk","volume":"104","author":"Brull","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200511000-00018","article-title":"Continuous peripheral nerve blocks in hospital wards after orthopedic surgery: a multicenter prospective analysis of the quality of postoperative analgesia and complications in 1,416 patients","volume":"103","author":"Capdevila","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes126","article-title":"Systemic local anaesthetic toxicity from continuous thoracic paravertebral block","volume":"109","author":"Fagenholz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2023-104667","article-title":"Local anesthetic dosing and toxicity of adult truncal catheters: a narrative review of published practice","volume":"49","author":"Bungart","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-103610","article-title":"Crystallization of ropivacaine and bupivacaine when mixed with different adjuvants: a semiquantitative light microscopy analysis","volume":"47","author":"Hoerner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2023-104398","article-title":"Crystallization of short-acting and intermediate-acting local anesthetics when mixed with adjuvants: a semiquantitative light microscopy analysis","volume":"48","author":"Hoerner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.09.029","article-title":"Liposomal bupivacaine efficacy for postoperative pain following posterior vaginal surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"219","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.07.017","article-title":"A prospective randomized trial comparing liposomal bupivacaine vs standard bupivacaine wound infiltration in open gynecologic surgery on an enhanced recovery pathway","volume":"224","author":"Meyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004988","article-title":"Liposomal bupivacaine for peripheral nerve blockade: a randomized, controlled, crossover, triple-blinded pharmacodynamic study in volunteers","volume":"141","author":"Zadrazil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12466","article-title":"Bupivacaine-induced cellular entry of QX-314 and its contribution to differential nerve block","volume":"171","author":"Brenneis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.05.039","article-title":"QX-OH, a QX-314 derivative agent, produces long-acting local anesthesia in rats","volume":"105","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.10.025","article-title":"QX-OH\/levobupivacaine: fixed-dose combination to provide a long-acting postoperative pain of knee surgery in rodents","volume":"111","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S343500","article-title":"QX-OH\/levobupivacaine: a structurally novel, potent local anesthetic produces fast-onset and long-lasting regional anesthesia in rats","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S126396","article-title":"Evaluation of the cardiotoxicity and resuscitation of rats of a newly developed mixture of a QX-314 analog and levobupivacaine","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00895","article-title":"The preclinical pharmacological study of a novel long-acting local anesthetic, a fixed-dose combination of QX-OH\/levobupivacaine, in rats","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1136\/pn-2022-003686","article-title":"Aids to the examination of the peripheral nervous system: 6th edition","volume":"23","author":"O'Brien","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s44254-023-00028-0","article-title":"Interfascial plane block: a new anesthetic technique","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Perioper Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000069506.68137.F2","article-title":"The central nervous system and cardiovascular effects of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in healthy volunteers","volume":"97","author":"Stewart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/78.5.507","article-title":"Central nervous and cardiovascular effects of i.v. infusions of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and placebo in volunteers","volume":"78","author":"Knudsen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3182606168","article-title":"Perineural clonidine does not prolong levobupivacaine 0.5% after sciatic nerve block using the Labat approach in foot and ankle surgery","volume":"37","author":"Fournier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-101870","article-title":"Simulation study comparing readability and effectiveness of the 2012 versus 2017 ASRA local anesthetic systemic toxicity checklist","volume":"46","author":"Hsiung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e31826c330a","article-title":"Comparison of plasma concentrations of levobupivacaine with and without epinephrine for transversus abdominis plane block","volume":"37","author":"Corvetto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00775.x","article-title":"A comparison of the cardiovascular effects of levobupivacaine and rac-bupivacaine following intravenous administration to healthy volunteers","volume":"46","author":"Bardsley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib25","article-title":"Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block","volume":"96","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-020-0941-1","article-title":"The combination of transversus abdominis plane block and rectus sheath block reduced postoperative pain after splenectomy: a randomized trial","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091225008360?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091225008360?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:47:59Z","timestamp":1775004479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091225008360"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091225008360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Phase 1 single-centre, placebo and levobupivacaine controlled study in healthy volunteers to assess the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of LL10, a novel long-acting local anaesthetic","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2025.11.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Journal of Anaesthesia.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}