{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:21:35Z","timestamp":1792549295647,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002977","name":"Dalhousie University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjanaesthesia.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T04:03:00Z","timestamp":1783656180000},"page":"764-772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of intrathecal morphine, lateral quadratus lumborum block, and their combination for analgesia and quality of recovery after Caesarean delivery: a randomised, double-blind, two-centre clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7263-2072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishal","family":"Uppal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3152-1928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie","family":"Zaphiratos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5672-7044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria M.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3212-4975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Sjaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6014-0561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Shephard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3030-6708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariane","family":"Clairoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2853-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rami","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2808-9660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Richeb\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5937-7521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dolores M.","family":"McKeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005671","article-title":"Trends and projections of caesarean section rates: global and regional estimates","volume":"6","author":"Betran","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-021-02105-z","article-title":"Predicting pain after Cesarean delivery: pressure algometry, temporal summation, three-item questionnaire","volume":"68","author":"Guevara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.07.011","article-title":"Severity of acute pain after childbirth, but not type of delivery, predicts persistent pain and postpartum depression","volume":"140","author":"Eisenach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.06.003","article-title":"Persistent pain after cesarean delivery","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001255","article-title":"The effect of intrathecal morphine dose on outcomes after elective Cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis","volume":"123","author":"Sultan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.11.036","article-title":"Intrathecal morphine does not prevent chronic postsurgical pain after elective Caesarean delivery: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Subedi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s40140-019-00351-y","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) and rectus sheath blocks: a technical description and evidence review","volume":"9","author":"Uppal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Anesthesiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-020-01793-3","article-title":"Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Uppal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-012-9729-1","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia after Cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Mishriky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib10","first-page":"472","article-title":"Quadratus lumborum or transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia after cesarean: a double-blinded randomized trial","volume":"72","author":"Jadon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Braz J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000349","article-title":"Quadratus lumborum block: analgesic effects and chronological ropivacaine concentrations after laparoscopic surgery","volume":"41","author":"Murouchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000003611","article-title":"Postoperative analgesic effectiveness of quadratus lumborum block for Cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia","volume":"134","author":"Hussain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000001147","article-title":"Efficacy of different approaches of quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia after Cesarean delivery: a bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"39","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002648","article-title":"The analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block after Cesarean delivery: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"126","author":"Krohg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2018.0015","article-title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of the quadratus lumborum block type I using ropivacaine in postoperative analgesia after a cesarean section - a controlled clinical study","volume":"89","author":"Mieszkowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ginekol Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bja.a013366","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a postoperative quality of recovery score: the QoR-40","volume":"84","author":"Myles","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.012","article-title":"Core outcome measures for chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations","volume":"113","author":"Dworkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael072","article-title":"Study of the prophylactic effect of droperidol, alizapride, propofol and promethazine on spinal morphine-induced pruritus","volume":"96","author":"Horta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000295230.55439.f4","article-title":"Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting","volume":"105","author":"Gan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer156","article-title":"Dose ranging study on the effect of preoperative dexamethasone on postoperative quality of recovery and opioid consumption after ambulatory gynaecological surgery","volume":"107","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1513-8","article-title":"Understanding equivalence and noninferiority testing","volume":"26","author":"Walker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-014-0162-5","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane block does not improve early or late pain outcomes after Cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"61","author":"McKeen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001222","article-title":"Subarachnoid block with ultrasound guided transversalis fascia plane block for Cesarean section: a randomized controlled double blind study","volume":"37","author":"Aydin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.06.025","article-title":"Evaluation of ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block for postoperative analgesia in cesarean section: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"59","author":"Serifsoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.4103\/ija.ija_931_22","article-title":"Comparison of ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia and posterior transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia following caesarean delivery: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial","volume":"67","author":"Sripriya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S202772","article-title":"Postoperative analgesic effects of various quadratus lumborum block approaches following cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.d.18.00269","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided bilateral quadratus lumborum block vs. intrathecal morphine for postoperative analgesia after cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Salama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2019.06.008","article-title":"A triple-blinded randomized trial comparing spinal morphine with posterior quadratus lumborum block after cesarean section","volume":"40","author":"Tamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15339","volume":"76","author":"Roofthooft","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.06.011","article-title":"Development and evaluation of an obstetric quality-of-recovery score (ObsQoR-11) after elective Caesarean delivery","volume":"122","author":"Ciechanowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091226004101?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091226004101?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T18:42:04Z","timestamp":1787596924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091226004101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007091226004101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of intrathecal morphine, lateral quadratus lumborum block, and their combination for analgesia and quality of recovery after Caesarean delivery: a randomised, double-blind, two-centre clinical trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2026.04.081","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Journal of Anaesthesia.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}