{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:51:56Z","timestamp":1791330716426,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR301520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR301520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019219","name":"NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COV0333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COV0333"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjanaesthesia.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:19:15Z","timestamp":1790997555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The last breath of the aerosol-generating procedure? Implications for anaesthesia of Scotland\u2019s new infection control guidance"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6790-909X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Shrimpton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jules M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3654-497X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim M.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan R.","family":"Bzdek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9479-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fergus","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0345-0456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Pickering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib1","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infection (ARHAI) Scotland","year":"2026","journal-title":"National Infection Prevention and Control Manual"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib2","series-title":"Global technical consultation report on proposed terminology for pathogens that transmit through the air","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for preventing the transmission of tuberculosis in health-care settings, with special focus on HIV-related issues","volume":"39","author":"Dooley","year":"1990","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1086\/646003","article-title":"Tuberculosis epidemic among hospital personnel","volume":"10","author":"Haley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-77-3-377","article-title":"Tuberculosis outbreak in a general hospital: evidence for airborne spread of infection","volume":"77","author":"Ehrenkranz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035797","article-title":"Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Tran","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15093","article-title":"Airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to healthcare workers: a narrative review","volume":"75","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib8","series-title":"Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory infections in health care","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.95.045001","article-title":"Respiratory aerosols and droplets in the transmission of infectious diseases","volume":"95","author":"P\u00f6hlker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Mod Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20210049","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2021.0049","article-title":"How did we get here: what are droplets and aerosols and how far do they go? A historical perspective on the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases","volume":"11","author":"Randall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interface Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd9149","article-title":"Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses","volume":"373","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.02.021","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation from upper airway suctioning assessed during tracheal intubation and extubation sequences in anaesthetized patients","volume":"124","author":"Shrimpton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15292","article-title":"A quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during tracheal intubation and extubation","volume":"76","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15599","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during manual facemask ventilation","volume":"77","author":"Shrimpton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16078","article-title":"Aerosol generation with the use of positive pressure ventilation via supraglottic airway devices: an observational study","volume":"78","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15542","article-title":"A quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during supraglottic airway insertion and removal","volume":"76","author":"Shrimpton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.14022","article-title":"Aerosol generation during general anesthesia is comparable to coughing: an observational clinical study","volume":"66","author":"Oksanen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16197","article-title":"Quantification of aerosol generation during positive pressure ventilation via a supraglottic airway with an intentional leak","volume":"79","author":"Shrimpton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2021-217577","article-title":"Aerosol emission from the respiratory tract: an analysis of aerosol generation from oxygen delivery systems","volume":"77","author":"Hamilton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15475","article-title":"The effect of respiratory activity, non-invasive respiratory support and facemasks on aerosol generation and its relevance to COVID-19","volume":"76","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.37258","article-title":"Generation of aerosols by noninvasive respiratory support modalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20210078","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2021.0078","article-title":"Comparing aerosol number and mass exhalation rates from children and adults during breathing, speaking and singing","volume":"12","author":"Archer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Interface Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15683","article-title":"Effect of frequency and amplitude of respiratory activity on aerosol emissions","volume":"77","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324588","article-title":"Identification of the source events for aerosol generation during oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy","volume":"71","author":"Gregson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15968","article-title":"A quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during awake tracheal intubation","volume":"78","author":"Shrimpton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16162","article-title":"A quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"79","author":"Shrimpton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15358","article-title":"Occupational COVID-19 risk for anaesthesia and intensive care staff - low-risk specialties in a high-risk setting","volume":"76","author":"Cook","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib28","article-title":"Nurses, ambulance crews and support workers should get the covid vaccine first","author":"Cook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Serv J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0983","article-title":"The safety of anaesthetists and intensivists during the first COVID-19 surge supports extension of use of airborne protection PPE to ward staff","volume":"21","author":"Cook","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15220","article-title":"Risk to health from COVID-19 for anaesthetists and intensivists - a narrative review","volume":"75","author":"Cook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15803","article-title":"Anaesthetists\u2019 current practice and perceptions of aerosol-generating procedures: a mixed-methods study","volume":"77","author":"Shrimpton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16124","article-title":"Quantifying hospital environmental ventilation using carbon dioxide monitoring \u2013 a multicentre study","volume":"79","author":"Wilson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib33","series-title":"Disease outbreak news: Nipah virus disease - India","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003_bib34","article-title":"Chapter 2","year":"2026","journal-title":"Transmission Based Precautions (TBPs)"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Anaesthesia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091226007026?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0007091226007026?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:10:42Z","timestamp":1791328242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0007091226007026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0007091226007026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-0912"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-0912","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The last breath of the aerosol-generating procedure? Implications for anaesthesia of Scotland\u2019s new infection control guidance","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Anaesthesia","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2026.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 British Journal of Anaesthesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}