{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:53:15Z","timestamp":1793314395005,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjaopen.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJA Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T08:56:44Z","timestamp":1728118604000},"page":"100349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Association of preoperative to postoperative change in cerebrospinal fluid fibrinogen with postoperative delirium"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Payne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1812-8312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Kunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Konieczka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frankie","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1516-6260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Meyer-Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Terrando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katerina","family":"Akassoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3273-9056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard C.","family":"Lennertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.06.063","article-title":"Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management","volume":"125","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8931","article-title":"Economic burden of postoperative neurocognitive disorders among US Medicare patients","volume":"3","author":"Boone","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00223-4","article-title":"Delirium","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.03.048","article-title":"Hypothesis for the pathophysiology of delirium: role of baseline brain network connectivity and changes in inhibitory tone","volume":"77","author":"Sanders","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4823","article-title":"Delirium pathophysiology: an updated hypothesis of the etiology of acute brain failure","volume":"33","author":"Maldonado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.02.027","article-title":"Cohort study into the neural correlates of postoperative delirium: the role of connectivity and slow-wave activity","volume":"125","author":"Tanabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz354","article-title":"Postoperative delirium is associated with increased plasma neurofilament light","volume":"143","author":"Casey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.13","article-title":"Fibrinogen in neurological diseases: mechanisms, imaging and therapeutics","volume":"19","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2002.00994.x","article-title":"Cyclooxygenase-2-positive macrophages infiltrate the Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain and damage the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"32","author":"Fiala","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519852723","article-title":"Brain fibrinogen deposition plays a key role in MS pathophysiology - yes","volume":"25","author":"Davalos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5291","article-title":"Contribution of fibrinogen to inflammation and neuronal density in human traumatic brain injury","volume":"35","author":"Jenkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2033369","article-title":"Microvascular injury in the brains of patients with Covid-19","volume":"384","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2247-3","article-title":"APOE4 leads to blood-brain barrier dysfunction predicting cognitive decline","volume":"581","author":"Montagne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000189721.31432.26","article-title":"Fibrinogen is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia","volume":"36","author":"van Oijen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib15","article-title":"The correlations between plasma fibrinogen with amyloid-beta and tau levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018850","article-title":"Multiplexed immunoassay panel identifies novel CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and prognosis","volume":"6","author":"Craig-Schapiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-7-14","article-title":"Fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor in CSF: a candidate biomarker for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26771","article-title":"Role of blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction in delirium following non-cardiac surgery in older adults","volume":"94","author":"Devinney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annal Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1159\/000443789","article-title":"Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity in delirium determined by Q-albumin","volume":"41","author":"Hov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.01.005","article-title":"Postoperative delirium and changes in the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and cerebrospinal fluid lactate: a prospective cohort study","volume":"129","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.004","article-title":"Breaking barriers in postoperative delirium","volume":"129","author":"Terrando","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.01.020","article-title":"Prospective analysis of plasma amyloid beta and postoperative delirium in the Interventions for Postoperative Delirium: biomarker-3 study","volume":"130","author":"Payne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.08.022","article-title":"Sevoflurane dose and postoperative delirium: a prospective cohort analysis","volume":"130","author":"Taylor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab203","article-title":"Cohort analysis of the association of delirium severity with cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration pathologies","volume":"77","author":"Parker","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0865","article-title":"3D-CAM: derivation and validation of a 3-minute diagnostic interview for CAM-defined delirium: a cross-sectional diagnostic test study","volume":"161","author":"Marcantonio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00012","article-title":"Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the confusion assessment method for the intensive Care unit (CAM-ICU)","volume":"29","author":"Ely","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7082","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3769-11.2012","article-title":"Connectivity changes underlying spectral EEG changes during propofol-induced loss of consciousness","volume":"32","author":"Boly","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13471","article-title":"Delirium is associated with loss of feedback cortical connectivity","volume":"20","author":"Gjini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib30","series-title":"Data analysis using regression and multilevel\/hierarchical models","author":"Gelman","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.1996.10474708","article-title":"Randomized quantile residuals","volume":"5","author":"Dunn","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comput Graph Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib32","series-title":"How to interpret statistical models using marginaleffects in R and Python","author":"Arel-Bundock","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X17690761","article-title":"Differing associations between A\u03b2 accumulation, hypoperfusion, blood-brain barrier dysfunction and loss of PDGFRB pericyte marker in the precuneus and parietal white matter in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"38","author":"Miners","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01522-0","article-title":"Defining blood-induced microglia functions in neurodegeneration through multiomic profiling","volume":"24","author":"Mendiola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.014","article-title":"Fibrinogen induces microglia-mediated spine elimination and cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer's disease model","volume":"101","author":"Merlini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.08.061","article-title":"Association between plasma tau and postoperative delirium incidence and severity: a prospective observational study","volume":"126","author":"Ballweg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004139","article-title":"Biomarkers of delirium duration and delirium severity in the ICU","volume":"48","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14020-9","article-title":"A\u00a0blood-based biomarker panel indicates IL-10 and IL-12\/23p40 are jointly associated as predictors of \u03b2-amyloid load in an AD cohort","volume":"7","author":"Pedrini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.11.020","article-title":"IL-10 alters immunoproteostasis in APP mice, increasing plaque burden and worsening cognitive behavior","volume":"85","author":"Chakrabarty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.068","article-title":"Il10 deficiency rebalances innate immunity to mitigate Alzheimer-like pathology","volume":"85","author":"Guillot-Sestier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4720","article-title":"CSF biomarkers in delirium: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.08.004","article-title":"Novel risk markers and long-term outcomes of delirium: the Successful Aging after Elective Surgery (SAGES) study design and methods","volume":"13","author":"Schmitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04021-y","article-title":"Delirium due to hip fracture is associated with activated immune-inflammatory pathways and a reduction in negative immunoregulatory mechanisms","volume":"22","author":"Thisayakorn","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv083","article-title":"Cytokines and postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing major elective surgery","volume":"70","author":"Vasunilashorn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.06.014","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuroinflammation in delirium: a role for interleukin-1\u03b2 in delirium after hip fracture","volume":"77","author":"Cape","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5681","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2876-19.2020","article-title":"Acute inflammation alters brain energy metabolism in mice and humans: role in suppressed spontaneous activity, impaired cognition, and delirium","volume":"40","author":"Kealy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.012","article-title":"Cell-type-specific interleukin 1 receptor 1 signaling in the brain regulates distinct neuroimmune activities","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190764","article-title":"Vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease: blood-brain barrier disruption, metabolic syndromes, and molecular links","volume":"73","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d6b125","article-title":"Vascular comorbidity is associated with more rapid disability progression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"74","author":"Marrie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-122","article-title":"Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels and the risk of postoperative delirium in elderly hip fracture patients","volume":"10","author":"Westhoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0681-9","article-title":"Perioperative cerebrospinal fluid and plasma inflammatory markers after orthopedic surgery","volume":"13","author":"Hirsch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroinflammation"}],"container-title":["BJA Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772609624000935?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772609624000935?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T17:07:33Z","timestamp":1734109653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772609624000935"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S2772609624000935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-6096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-6096","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association of preoperative to postoperative change in cerebrospinal fluid fibrinogen with postoperative delirium","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"BJA Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjao.2024.100349","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Journal of Anaesthesia.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100349"}}