{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:13:02Z","timestamp":1789755182876,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006388","name":"Geneva University Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRD 15-2018-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRD 15-2018-I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjaopen.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJA Open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:20:20Z","timestamp":1789485620000},"page":"100862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Real-world activities of clinician-researchers in perioperative medicine: an ethnographic qualitative case study embedded in a single-centre clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Maria-Ximena","family":"Acero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Waelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2296-8106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia","family":"Gisselbaek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1281-543X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo","family":"Bollen Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1108\/JMD-06-2016-0084","article-title":"Impact of psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior: mediation by work engagement","volume":"36","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Manag Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014876","article-title":"Strategies for research engagement of clinicians in allied health (STRETCH): a mixed methods research protocol","volume":"7","author":"Mickan","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib3","first-page":"215","article-title":"Navigating the dual role of clinician-researcher in qualitative dental research","volume":"7","author":"Geddis-Regan","year":"2022","journal-title":"JDR Clin Trans Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2015.08.003","article-title":"Recruitment and retention of health professionals across Europe: a literature review and multiple case study research","volume":"119","author":"Kroezen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4430","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13870","article-title":"Nurses and the doctorate: a mixed study in French health care organizations","volume":"30","author":"Met","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nurs Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.57.2.249","article-title":"The patient-oriented clinician-researcher: advantages and challenges of being a double agent","volume":"57","author":"Yanos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.08.036","article-title":"Re-conceptualising holism in the contemporary nursing mandate: from individual to organisational relationships","volume":"119","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1017\/S0963180100006551","article-title":"scientific autonomy, and self-interest: ethical dilemmas in clinical research","volume":"1","author":"Beneficence","year":"1992","journal-title":"Camb Q Healthc Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib9","first-page":"571","article-title":"Social work research ethics: dual roles and boundary issues","volume":"89","author":"Landau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fam Soc J Contemp Soc Serv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-021-00801-2","article-title":"\u201cThere hasn\u2019t been a career structure to step into\u201d: a qualitative study on perceptions of allied health clinician researcher careers","volume":"20","author":"Brandenburg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009415","article-title":"Does the engagement of clinicians and organisations in research improve healthcare performance: a three-stage review","volume":"5","author":"Boaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06354-y","article-title":"A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis exploring the impacts of clinical academic activity by healthcare professionals outside medicine","volume":"21","author":"Newington","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib13","series-title":"AAMC. Physician Scientist Training Program","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib14","series-title":"Clinician Researchers initiative","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib15","series-title":"Promoting the next generation of clinical researchers","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib16","series-title":"The future of UK clinical research delivery: 2021 to 2022 implementation plan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib17","article-title":"What is known about clinician researcher careers in allied health? A scoping review of the last decade","volume":"25","author":"Brandenburg","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Health Organ Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-021-02106-y","article-title":"A systematic scoping review of published qualitative research pertaining to the field of perioperative anesthesiology","volume":"68","author":"Gisselbaek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001067","article-title":"The concept of peri-operative medicine to prevent major adverse events and improve outcome in surgical patients: a narrative review","volume":"36","author":"Bollen Pinto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.05.020","article-title":"Personalised perioperative dosing of ivabradine in noncardiac surgery: a single-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind feasibility pilot trial","volume":"133","author":"White","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/135050840072006","article-title":"Activity theory and the social construction of knowledge: a story of four umpires","volume":"7","author":"Engestr\u00f6m","year":"2000","journal-title":"Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib22","series-title":"Perspectives on Activity Theory","author":"Engestr\u00f6m","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459312464072","article-title":"Understanding context for quality improvement: artefacts, affordances and socio-material infrastructure","volume":"17","author":"Allen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health (London)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/1356389013497081","article-title":"Validity and generalization in future case study evaluations","volume":"19","author":"Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evaluation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794105056923","article-title":"Studying actions in context: a qualitative shadowing method for organizational research","volume":"5","author":"McDonald","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2014.02.017","article-title":"Time motion studies in healthcare: what are we talking about?","volume":"49","author":"Lopetegui","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2023.104737","article-title":"Understanding the activity of oncology nurse coordinators: an elaboration of a framework based on an abductive approach","volume":"130","author":"Acero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib28","series-title":"Abductive Reasoning: Logical Investigations into Discovery and Explanation","first-page":"53","article-title":"Abduction as logical inference","author":"Aliseda","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power","volume":"26","author":"Malterud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib30","series-title":"Abductive Analysis: Theorizing Qualitative Research","author":"Tavory","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib31","first-page":"498","article-title":"The nursing-medical boundary: a negotiated order?","volume":"19","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib32","first-page":"3","article-title":"Social role and the division of labor","volume":"18","author":"Hughes","year":"1956","journal-title":"Midwest Sociol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11081090","article-title":"Are nurse coordinators Really performing coordination pathway activities? A comparative analysis of case studies in oncology","volume":"11","author":"Acero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/NOR.0000000000000308","article-title":"Healthcare transformation and changing roles for nursing","volume":"36","author":"Salmond","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0203-6","article-title":"Once a clinician, always a clinician: a systematic review to develop a typology of clinician-researcher dual-role experiences in health research with patient-participants","volume":"16","author":"Hay-Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1108\/QRJ-11-2014-0065","article-title":"Reflexivity and the clinician-researcher: managing participant misconceptions","volume":"16","author":"Hiller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual Res J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05403-5","article-title":"The challenge of equipoise in trials with a surgical and non-surgical comparison: a qualitative synthesis using meta-ethnography","volume":"22","author":"Davies","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib38","first-page":"97","article-title":"L\u2019ennui chez les patients hospitalis\u00e9s: \u00e9tude descriptive et facteurs associ\u00e9s","volume":"2","author":"Gr\u00e9goire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Francoph Int Rech Infirmi\u00e8re"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-8-73","article-title":"Using reflexivity to enhance in-depth interviewing skills for the clinician researcher","volume":"8","author":"McNair","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1177\/10497315241256560","article-title":"Transferability and generalization in qualitative research","volume":"35","author":"Drisko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Res Soc Work Pract"}],"container-title":["BJA Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772609626003369?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772609626003369?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T17:52:42Z","timestamp":1789753962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772609626003369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S2772609626003369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-6096"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-6096","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Real-world activities of clinician-researchers in perioperative medicine: an ethnographic qualitative case study embedded in a single-centre clinical trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"BJA Open","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjao.2026.100862","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Journal of Anaesthesia.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100862"}}