{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:24:32Z","timestamp":1782962672781,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,12]],"date-time":"2013-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":103,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T04:01:18Z","timestamp":1368590478000},"page":"319-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Validity of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of clinically suspected cases of American visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Celia Maria Silva","family":"Pedrosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Arraes de Alencar","family":"Ximenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendell Alexandre Pinheiro","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliana Maria Mauricio","family":"da Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02029-06","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of leishmaniasis: current status and future applications","volume":"45","author":"Reithinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0010","first-page":"183","article-title":"A rea\u00e7\u00e3o em cadeia da polimerase em sangue perif\u00e9rico para diagn\u00f3stico e avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de cura da leishamniose visceral","volume":"34","author":"Disch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.236-240.2000","article-title":"Optimized PCR using patient blood samples for diagnosis and follow-up of visceral leishmaniasis, with special reference to AIDS patients","volume":"38","author":"Lachaud","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.1.210-215.2002","article-title":"Comparison of six PCR methods using peripheral blood for detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"40","author":"Lachaud","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.10.2454-2457.1997","article-title":"Evaluation of PCR for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"35","author":"Osman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.3.746-749.1994","article-title":"Comparison of PCR with direct examination of bone marrow aspiration, myeloculture, and serology for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in immunocompromised patients","volume":"32","author":"Piarroux","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.3.849-854.2001","article-title":"Development of a species-specific PCR assay for detection of Leishmania donovani in clinical samples from patients with kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis","volume":"39","author":"Salotra","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7336.539","article-title":"Evidence base of clinical diagnosis","volume":"321","author":"Sackett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000074096","article-title":"Rapid and sensitive detection of Leishmania kinetoplast DNA from spleen and blood samples of kala-azar patients","volume":"105","author":"Smyth","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0050","unstructured":"MS \u2013 Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Manual de vigil\u00e2ncia e controle da leishmaniose visceral. Bras\u00edlia; 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0055","unstructured":"WHO. World Health Organization \u2013 the leishmaniases and Leishmania\/HIV co-infections. Fact sheet no. 116; May 1996."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0060","unstructured":"OPAS \u2013 Organizaci\u00f3n Pan Americana de la Salud. M\u00e9todos de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Epidemiol\u00f3gica em Doen\u00e7as Transmiss\u00edveis; 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0065","first-page":"489","article-title":"Leishmaniose visceral no Brasil: perfil dos casos no per\u00edodo de 2002 a 2004","volume":"38","author":"Alves","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.70.72","article-title":"A comparative study of the effectiveness of diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"70","author":"Boelaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00077-8","article-title":"Sequence homology within a minicircle class of the Leishmania donovani complex","volume":"101","author":"Lambson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)90066-6","article-title":"Detection of circulating Leishmania chagasi DNA for the non-invasive diagnosis of human infection","volume":"97","author":"Disch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(74)90067-4","article-title":"Studies on Mediterranean leishmaniasis. 2. Asymptomatic cases of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"68","author":"Pampiglione","year":"1974","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.5.1124","article-title":"Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Northeast Brazil","volume":"166","author":"Evans","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822001000500007","article-title":"Infec\u00e7\u00e3o por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi em crian\u00e7as de uma \u00e1rea end\u00eamica de leishmaniose visceral americana na ilha de S\u00e3o Luis-MA, Brasil","volume":"34","author":"Caldas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.334","article-title":"Asymptomatic human carriers of Leishmania chagasi","volume":"66","author":"Costa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020297","article-title":"Asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"Adini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Northern Israel Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1953-1957.1999","article-title":"Occurrence of Leishmania infantum parasitemia in asymptomatic blood donors living in an area of endemicity in Southern France","volume":"37","author":"Fichoux","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00068-1","article-title":"Leishmania donovani in blood smears of asymptomatic persons","volume":"76","author":"Sharma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1999.4458","article-title":"Leishmania donovani: development and characterisation of a kinetoplast DNA probe and its use in the detection of parasites","volume":"94","author":"Lambson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/5.5.907","article-title":"The immunobiology of leishmaniasis","volume":"5","author":"Pearson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0130","first-page":"245","article-title":"Immune responses in kala-azar","volume":"123","author":"Saha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(90)90038-R","article-title":"Determinants of the immune response in visceral leishmaniasis: evidence for predominance of endogenous interleukin 4 over interferon-\u03b3 production","volume":"57","author":"Zwingenberger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5949","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.12.5949","article-title":"Restoration of IFN-\u03b3 production and lymphocyte proliferation in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"152","author":"Carvalho","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0145","series-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","first-page":"3145","article-title":"Leishmania species: visceral (kala-azar), cutaneous, and mucosal leishmaniasis","author":"Jeronimo","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01102.x","article-title":"Genetics and visceral leishmaniasis: of mice and man","volume":"31","author":"Blackwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021_bib0155","first-page":"198","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: geographical distribution and transmission","volume":"4","author":"Deane","year":"1962","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop"}],"container-title":["The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1413867013000597?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1413867013000597?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T19:09:29Z","timestamp":1688238569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1413867013000597"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1413867013000597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjid.2012.10.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1413-8670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1413-8670","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}}}