{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T17:22:48Z","timestamp":1788715368950,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]],"date-time":"2022-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T18:41:00Z","timestamp":1661539260000},"page":"102698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characterization of the virulence, agr typing and antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food handlers in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8168-5085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovana do Nascimento","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael da Silva","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Aparecido","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego J\u00fanior Santos","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Aparecida","family":"Seribelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7377-7652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiza","family":"Pinheiro-Hubinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizziane Kretli Winkelstroter","family":"Eller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais Batista","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2080-9221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria Cataneli","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4674235","article-title":"Review on major food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens","volume":"2020","author":"Abebe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trop Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.20873\/uft.2359-3652.2017v4n4p15","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus em alimentos","volume":"4","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"DESAFIOS \u2012 Rev Interdiscip Univ Federal Tocantins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0003","first-page":"1","article-title":"A review on major food borne bacterial illnesses","volume":"3","author":"Addis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-021-01004-5","article-title":"Factors associated with food safety knowledge and practices among meat handlers in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"Al Banna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-019-00168-1","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in food and the prevalence in Brazil: a review","volume":"51","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818001644","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus in the nose and throat of Iowan families","volume":"146","author":"Hanson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2021.1878688","article-title":"Pathogenicity and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"12","author":"Cheung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14020097","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of PVL-Positive Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw Cow's milk","volume":"14","author":"Sadat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4396-8","article-title":"Agr typing of Staphylococcus aureus species isolated from clinical samples in training hospitals of Isfahan and Shahrekord","volume":"12","author":"Javdan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06307-0","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility of human-associated Staphylococcus aureus and its relation to agr typing, virulence genes, and biofilm formation","volume":"21","author":"Derakhshan","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1309\/LMGB9GB82WKDANWF","article-title":"Prevalence of agr specificity groups among Staphylococcus aureus isolates from university hospitals in Tehran","volume":"40","author":"Peerayeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.11.411","article-title":"Association between the agr locus and the presence of virulence genes and pathogenesis in Staphylococcus aureus using a Caenorhabditis elegans model","volume":"54","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/11786302211021297","article-title":"Prevalence of mastitis and phenotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in lactating dairy cows of selected dairy farms in and around adama town, Central Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Health Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2016.08.001","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant food-related Staphylococcus aureus: a review of current knowledge and biofilm formation for future studies and applications","volume":"168","author":"Doulgeraki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2015.08.001","article-title":"Food handlers as potential sources of dissemination of virulent strains of Staphylococcus aureus in the community","volume":"9","author":"Castro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.11.008","article-title":"Expression of superantigens and the agr system in Staphylococcus epidermidis","volume":"115","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4137\/MBI.S796","article-title":"Toxigenicity in staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci: epidemiological and molecular aspects","volume":"1","author":"Cunha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbiol Insights"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.3.426-430.1991","article-title":"Detection of genes for enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 in Staphylococcus aureus by the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"29","author":"Johnson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1086\/313461","article-title":"Involvement of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in primary skin infections and pneumonia","volume":"29","author":"Lina","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4060","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4060-4067.2002","article-title":"Analysis of the genetic variability of genes encoding the RNA III-activating components Agr and TRAP in a population of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cows with mastitis","volume":"40","author":"Gilot","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.10.2240-2244.1991","article-title":"Identification of methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"29","author":"Murakami","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.7.2155-2161.2002","article-title":"Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"46","author":"Oliveira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0023","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, document M100-S28. 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.5777\/ambiencia.2013.02.12","article-title":"Incid\u00eancia de bact\u00e9ria Staphylococcus aureus na mucosa nasal e em m\u00e3os de manipuladores de alimentos em uma creche no munic\u00edpio de Guarapuava (PR)","volume":"9","author":"R\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ambi\u00eancia Guarapuava"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and classical enterotoxin genes among sudanese food handlers","volume":"12","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.735494","article-title":"Methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus from humans and ready-to-eat meat: characterization of antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation ability","volume":"12","author":"Saber","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-17-436","article-title":"Presence of classical enterotoxin genes, agr typing, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus from milk of cows with mastitis in southern Brazil","volume":"81","author":"Kroning","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109366","article-title":"High production of egc2-related staphylococcal enterotoxins caused a food poisoning outbreak","volume":"357","author":"Umeda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.4067\/s0034-98872017001201559","article-title":"Portaci\u00f3n de Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxig\u00e9nico tipo A, en frotis nasofar\u00edngeos en manipuladores de alimentos","volume":"145","author":"Alarc\u00f3n-Lav\u00edn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Med Chile"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3398-0","article-title":"High prevalence of methicillin resistant and enterotoxin gene-positive Staphylococcus aureus among nasally colonized food handlers in central Iran","volume":"38","author":"Fooladvand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1099\/acmi.0.000043","article-title":"Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant nasal carriage in food handlers in Lebanon: a potential source of transmission of virulent strains in the community","volume":"1","author":"Osman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Access Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2012.03.011","article-title":"Report of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) from Staphylococcus aureus isolated in food handlers and surfaces from foodservice establishments","volume":"80","author":"Sospedra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9080241","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus argenteus isolates harboring panton-valentine leukocidin, enterotoxins, and TSST-1 genes from food handlers in Myanmar","volume":"9","author":"Aung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13186","article-title":"Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus from nares and hands on health care professionals in a Portuguese Hospital","volume":"121","author":"Castro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.05.021","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of PVL-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolated from retail foods in China","volume":"304","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.631-641.2002","article-title":"Relationships between Staphylococcus aureus genetic background, virulence factors, agr groups (alleles), and human disease","volume":"70","author":"Jarraud","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22456","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants of Staphylococcus aureus isolates derived from clinical infection and food","volume":"32","author":"Luo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-2-108","article-title":"The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and carriage of virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food handlers in Kuwait City restaurants","volume":"2","author":"Udo","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14300","article-title":"Diverse profiles of biofilm and adhesion genes in Staphylococcus aureus food strains isolated from Sushi and Sashimi","volume":"83","author":"Puah","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13152","article-title":"High occurrence of enterotoxigenic isolates and low antibiotic resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk from cows and ewes","volume":"68","author":"Khemiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0041","first-page":"1","article-title":"Association between agr type, virulence factors, biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from pork production","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.687625","article-title":"Evaluation of virulence determinants using whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic biofilm analysis of outbreak-linked Staphylococcus aureus isolates","volume":"12","author":"Hait","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2018.08.001","article-title":"Genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a burn centre by using agr, spa and SCCmec typing methods","volume":"26","author":"Abbasian","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.02.024","article-title":"Variability of SCCmec elements in livestock-associated CC398 MRSA","volume":"217","author":"Monecke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0255-3","article-title":"Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in retail food in Singapore","volume":"6","author":"Aung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5167","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12477","article-title":"Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cheese processing plants","volume":"100","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2013.09.062","article-title":"Food handler-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in public hospitals in Salvador","volume":"37","author":"Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brazil. Food Control."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-0930-9","article-title":"Methicillin resistance and virulence genes in invasive and nasal Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from neonates","volume":"17","author":"Salgueiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"}],"container-title":["The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1413867022003907?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1413867022003907?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T15:58:39Z","timestamp":1761407919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1413867022003907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1413867022003907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698","relation":{},"ISSN":["1413-8670"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1413-8670","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Characterization of the virulence, agr typing and antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from food handlers in Brazil","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102698","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Sociedade Brasileira de Infectologia. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102698"}}