{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:40:45Z","timestamp":1780468845207,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjoms.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T11:11:25Z","timestamp":1606475485000},"page":"982-992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Assessing the optimal imaging modality in the diagnosis of jaw osteomyelitis. A meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4390-3213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.N.","family":"Bera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kanojia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.S.","family":"Hirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16727-5","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"364","author":"Lew","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2016.12.001","article-title":"Microbiology of acute and chronic osteomyelitis and antibiotic treatment","volume":"61","author":"Dym","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-199407000-00009","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"6","author":"Laughlin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500311","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the diabetic patient with a foot ulcer","volume":"15","author":"Levine","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-5149(03)00044-3","article-title":"Osteomyelitis of the mandible","volume":"13","author":"Schuknecht","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0030","first-page":"1","article-title":"Osteomyelitis, malignant disease, and fibrous dysplasia. Some radiologic similarities an differences","volume":"50","author":"Worth","year":"1977","journal-title":"Dent Radiogr Photogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(90)90086-Z","article-title":"Osteomyelitis of the mandible: a complication of routine dental extractions in alcoholics","volume":"28","author":"Davies","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370503","article-title":"Imaging osteomyelitis","volume":"37","author":"Aliabadi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2017.08.003","article-title":"Imaging of odontogenic infections","volume":"56","author":"Mardini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-012-0148-6","article-title":"Utility of (99m)Tc-MDP hybrid SPECT-CT for diagnosis of skull base osteomyelitis: comparison with planar bone scintigraphy, SPECT, and CT","volume":"31","author":"Sharma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0532","article-title":"Detection of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot by imaging techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing MRI, white blood cell scintigraphy, and FDG-PET","volume":"40","author":"Lauri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta23610","article-title":"Imaging tests for the detection of osteomyelitis: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Llewellyn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2014.06.029","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided diagnosis of occult mandibular osteomyelitis","volume":"47","author":"Hayden","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000552","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided diagnosis of femoral osteomyelitis and abscess","volume":"31","author":"Hayden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2018.345","article-title":"The impact of patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) as a search strategy tool on literature search quality: a systematic review","volume":"106","author":"Eriksen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Libr Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A12","DOI":"10.7326\/ACPJC-1995-123-3-A12","article-title":"The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions","volume":"123","author":"Richardson","year":"1995","journal-title":"ACP J Club"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-3-25","article-title":"The development of QUADAS: a tool for the quality assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy included in systematic reviews","volume":"3","author":"Whiting","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0100","unstructured":"Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford University. Evidence service to support the COVID-19 response. Available from URL: http:\/\/www.cebm.net\/index.aspx?o=5653 (last accessed 16 August 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0105","unstructured":"Howick J, Chalmers I, Glasziou P, et al. The 2011 Oxford CEBM Levels of Evidence (Introductory Document). Available from URL: https:\/\/www.cebm.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2014\/06\/CEBM-Levels-of-Evidence-Introduction-2.1.pdf (last accessed 16 August 2021)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(05)80107-6","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of osteomyelitis in the mandible. Comparative study with other radiologic modalities","volume":"79","author":"Kaneda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.25.3.9084260","article-title":"A radiological analysis of chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis of the mandible","volume":"25","author":"Orpe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-5182(97)80021-2","article-title":"Mandibular osteomyelitis: evaluation and staging in 18 patients, using magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and conventional radiographs","volume":"25","author":"Schuknecht","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1054\/bjom.1999.0200","article-title":"The value of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of mandibular osteomyelitis","volume":"37","author":"Reinert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2006.03.029","article-title":"The value of FDG-PET and bone scintigraphy with SPECT in the primary diagnosis and follow-up of patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible","volume":"35","author":"Hakim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-012-2285-7","article-title":"Performance of orthopantomography, planar scintigraphy, CT alone and SPECT\/CT in patients with suspected osteomyelitis of the jaw","volume":"40","author":"Bolouri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/s00117-011-2271-2","article-title":"Importance of SPECT\/CT for resolving diseases of the jaw","volume":"52","author":"Strobel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiologe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-02862-8","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of SPECT\/CT and CBCT in patients with mandibular osteomyelitis and osteonecrosis","volume":"23","author":"Malina-Altzinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13534","article-title":"Osteomyelitis, osteoradionecrosis, or medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws? Can CBCT enhance radiographic diagnosis?","volume":"27","author":"Ga\u00eata-Araujo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2009.08.005","article-title":"PET and SPECT in osteomyelitis and prosthetic bone and joint infections: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"van der Bruggen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1994.13.9.707","article-title":"How useful is ultrasonography in suspected acute osteomyelitis?","volume":"13","author":"Larcos","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrnm.2011.05.002","article-title":"Early diagnosis of acute osteomyelitis in children by high-resolution and power Doppler sonography","volume":"42","author":"Ezzat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1015059","article-title":"Osteomyelitis\u2014imaging methods and their value","volume":"169","author":"Kessler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rofo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.2.125","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing foot osteomyelitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"167","author":"Kapoor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2018.07.002","article-title":"Comparison of the histopathological characteristics of osteomyelitis, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, and osteoradionecrosis","volume":"48","author":"Shuster","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2015.06.008","article-title":"Diagnosis and staging of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw","volume":"27","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2006.10.009","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomographic findings in refractory chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible","volume":"45","author":"Fullmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20170172","article-title":"Osseous changes in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws","volume":"47","author":"G\u00f6nen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(96)80027-0","article-title":"The role of magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pathologic changes of the mandible after radiation therapy","volume":"25","author":"Bachmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850802241809","article-title":"Differential diagnosis between osteomyelitis and bone tumors","volume":"49","author":"Shimose","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2003.134","article-title":"Value of computed tomography findings in differentiating between intraosseous malignant tumors and osteomyelitis of the mandible affecting the masticator space","volume":"95","author":"Hariya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0215","first-page":"2464","article-title":"The accuracy of diagnostic imaging for the assessment of chronic osteomyelitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Termaat","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2018.06.015","article-title":"Radiographic characteristics of chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis\/tendoperiostitis of the mandible: a comparison with chronic suppurative osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis","volume":"46","author":"van de Meent","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0266435620309025?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0266435620309025?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T15:29:39Z","timestamp":1759418979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0266435620309025"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0266435620309025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0266-4356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0266-4356","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assessing the optimal imaging modality in the diagnosis of jaw osteomyelitis. A meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.11.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}