{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:24:44Z","timestamp":1778081084424,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,25]],"date-time":"2018-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,31]],"date-time":"2018-08-31T02:55:05Z","timestamp":1535684105000},"page":"23-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Inflammatory markers in palatine tonsils of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2530-9093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor Guo","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviane Maria Guerreiro da","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00f4natas Bussador","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00edntia Meirelles","family":"Camargo-Kosugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Macoto","family":"Kosugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reginaldo Raimundo","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.5_Pt_1.1235","article-title":"Normal polysomnographic values for children and adolescents","volume":"146","author":"Marcus","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2008.10.012","article-title":"Obstructive sleep breathing disorders","volume":"56","author":"Au","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.134858","article-title":"Epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in Chinese children: a two-phase community study","volume":"65","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.6.731","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing in children in a general population sample: prevalence and risk factors","volume":"32","author":"Bixler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.554","article-title":"Sleep and neurobehavioral characteristics of 5 to 7 year-old children with parentally reported symptoms of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"111","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.07.005","article-title":"Oxidant stress and inflammation in the snoring child: confluent pathways to upper airway pathogenesis and end-organ morbidity","volume":"10","author":"Gozal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2003.00361.x","article-title":"Plasma cytokine levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a preliminary study","volume":"12","author":"Alberti","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.08.019","article-title":"Cytokines and pathological sleep","volume":"9","author":"Kapsimalis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.3.319","article-title":"Sleep measures and morning plasma TNF-alpha levels in children with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"33","author":"Gozal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200610-1519OC","article-title":"C-reactive protein, obstructive sleep apnea, and cognitive dysfunction in school-aged children","volume":"176","author":"Gozal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.82.5.3950","article-title":"Elevation of plasma cytokines in disorders of excessive daytime sleepiness: role of sleep disturbance and obesity","volume":"82","author":"Vgontzas","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-007-0100-7","article-title":"Inflammatory proteins in patients with obstructive sleep apnea with and without daytime sleepiness","volume":"11","author":"Bravo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200601-066OC","article-title":"Predictors of elevated nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent genes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"174","author":"Ryan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.02.004","article-title":"Obesity, and not obstructive sleep apnea, is responsible for increased serum hs-CRP levels in patients with sleep-disordered breathing in Delhi","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0245","first-page":"153","article-title":"Can interleukin-10 be used as a true immunoregulatory cytokine?","volume":"11","author":"Wakkach","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.6.1549","article-title":"Macrophage deactivation by interleukln 10","volume":"174","author":"Bogdan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1161\/hh0901.090440","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the vascular wall","volume":"88","author":"Tedgui","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1671","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"130","author":"Marcus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.1.2008171","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing in children","volume":"164","author":"Marcus","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1982.00790580044015","article-title":"Tonsillar hyperplasia in children","volume":"108","author":"Lind","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.2.559","article-title":"Consensus conference on indications and standards for cardiopulmonary sleep studies","volume":"139","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200308-1100OC","article-title":"Upper airway muscle inflammation and denervation changes in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"170","author":"Boyd","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181b453e3","article-title":"Increased cellular proliferation and inflammatory cytokines in tonsils derived from children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"66","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198403153101102","article-title":"Efficacy of tonsillectomy for recurrent throat infection in severely affected children. Results of parallel randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials","volume":"310","author":"Paradise","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489509139388","article-title":"Upregulated local cytokine production in recurrent tonsillitis compared with tonsillar hypertrophy","volume":"115","author":"Agren","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(99)00148-2","article-title":"What is wrong in chronic adenoiditis\/tonsillitis immunological factor","volume":"1","author":"Agren","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000052627.99976.18","article-title":"Elevated levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome are decreased by nasal continuous positive airway pressure","volume":"107","author":"Yokoe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0310","first-page":"16","article-title":"Concomitant in vivo production of 19 different cytokines in human tonsils","volume":"83","author":"Andersson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5131(03)01586-3","article-title":"Recurrent and chronic inflammations of Waldeyer's ring in childhood: infectious, structural and immunological features","volume":"1257","author":"Pass\u00e0li","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Congr Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-011-0492-2","article-title":"The relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"16","author":"Guven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.10.001","article-title":"TNF-alpha gene polymorphism and TNF-alpha levels in obese Asian Indians with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"103","author":"Bhushan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.01.019","article-title":"The evaluation of adenotonsillectomy on TNF-a and IL-6 levels in obese children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"77","author":"Chu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.1.170","article-title":"High prevalence of allergic sensitization in children with habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"111","author":"McColley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001_bib0340","first-page":"763","article-title":"Incidence of cutaneous sensitization to environmental allergens in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Duchna","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pneumologie"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1808869418305986?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1808869418305986?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T07:34:28Z","timestamp":1761723268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1808869418305986"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1808869418305986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1808-8694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1808-8694","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inflammatory markers in palatine tonsils of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjorl.2018.08.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia C\u00e9rvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}