{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:11:08Z","timestamp":1778829068712,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004909","name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004909","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T04:02:52Z","timestamp":1773892972000},"page":"101784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neurodegeneration of the mastoid segment of the human facial nerve associated with senescence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2601-8295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivam Luiz Mariano","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0377-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Lavinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mateus Belmonte","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana Ubirajara Silva","family":"Petry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4021-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ta\u00eds","family":"Malysz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0005","series-title":"Gray\u2019s anatomia: A base anat\u00f4mica da pr\u00e1tica cl\u00ednica","author":"Standring","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000298945","article-title":"Low-temperature bipolar radiofrequency ablation (coblation) of the tongue base for supine-position-associated obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"72","author":"Babademez","year":"2010","journal-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.10.005","article-title":"The influence and impact of ageing and Immunosenescence (ISC) on adaptive immunity during Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and the animal counterpart Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE)","volume":"41","author":"Bolton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.90.15_supplement.P2.405","article-title":"Cellular senescence correlates with demyelination, brain atrophy and motor impairment in a model of multiple sclerosis (P2. 405)","volume":"90","author":"Karamita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.01.018","article-title":"Focal immune-mediated white matter demyelination reveals an age-associated increase in axonal vulnerability and decreased remyelination efficiency","volume":"180","author":"Hampton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.07.023","article-title":"Mechanisms of demyelination and remyelination in the young and aged brain following white matter stroke","volume":"126","author":"Marin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.61","article-title":"The relationship between nerve conduction velocity and fiber morphology during peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"2","author":"Ikeda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.05.046","article-title":"Masseteric facial nerve coaptationan alternative technique for facial nerve reinnervation","volume":"62","author":"Coombs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2009.02.008","article-title":"Age changes in the human oculomotor nerve \u2012 a stereological study","volume":"191","author":"Sharma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X12473104","article-title":"The extratemporal facial nerve and its branches: analysis of 42 hemifacial dissections in fresh Persian (Iranian) cadavers","volume":"33","author":"Farahvash","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-012-2253-7","article-title":"The facial nerve canal in patients with Bell\u2019s palsy: an investigation by high-resolution computed tomography with multiplanar reconstruction","volume":"270","author":"Murai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2021.09.028","article-title":"Morphometric Evaluation of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve of Wistar Rats Exposed to Pesticides","volume":"38","author":"Macedo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Voice."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2014.0310","article-title":"The human trochlear and abducens nerves at different ages \u2012 a morphometric study","volume":"6","author":"Ramkumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-015-0287-9","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of the diameter and g-ratio of the myelinated nerve fibers of the human sciatic nerve during the aging process","volume":"91","author":"Ugrenovi\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1835-0","article-title":"The relationship between Bell\u2019s palsy and morphometric aspects of the facial nerve","volume":"269","author":"Kondo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002897","article-title":"Facial nerve axonal analysis and anatomical localization in donor nerve: optimizing axonal load for cross-facial nerve grafting in facial reanimation","volume":"139","author":"Hembd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909800914","article-title":"Nerve fiber analysis of the facial nerve","volume":"98","author":"Fujii","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2023.1198042","article-title":"Axonal mapping of the motor cranial nerves","volume":"17","author":"Tereshenko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0095","article-title":"Rapid and Precise Semi-Automatic Axon Quantification in Human Peripheral Nerves","volume":"10","author":"Engelmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00171704","article-title":"A quantitative study of nerve fibers in the human facial nerve","volume":"250","author":"Thurner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joto.2019.05.004","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of facial and cochlear nerves in normal-hearing ears using 3D-CISS","volume":"14","author":"\u00d6zdemir","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.35630\/2199-885X\/2022\/12\/2.17","article-title":"Age-related changes in the second knee area of the facialcana","volume":"12","author":"Kerimzade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Archiv Euromedica."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688067","article-title":"Quantitative changes with age in normal sural nerves","volume":"38","author":"Tohgi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/108.4.897","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative morphology of human sural nerve at different ages","volume":"108","author":"Jacobs","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2535\/ofaj.81.1","article-title":"Morphometric analyses of axons in the human lateral corticospinal tract: cervical\/lumbar level comparison and relation to the ageing process","volume":"81","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0130","first-page":"471","article-title":"Changes of the ratio between myelin thickness and axon diameter in human developing sural, femoral, ulnar, facial, and trochlear nerves","volume":"107","author":"Schr\u00f6der","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0135","first-page":"2012","article-title":"Quantitative histological analysis of the mandibular branch of the facial nerve in rats","volume":"27","author":"HJZR","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Cir. Bras."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(95)02010-1","article-title":"Functional changes of the peripheral nervous system with aging in the mouse","volume":"17","author":"Verd\u00fa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2535\/ofaj1936.78.1_1","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of myelinated axons in the human vagus nerve","volume":"78","author":"Lu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn."},{"issue":"121","key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0150","first-page":"982","article-title":"The aging neuromuscular system and motor performance","volume":"2016","author":"Hunter","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2019.11.007","article-title":"Neuropathy of the elderly","volume":"176","author":"Bouche","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2015.1127","article-title":"Mobility-related consequences of reduced lower-extremity peripheral nerve function with age: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Ward","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2000.00026.x","article-title":"Influence of aging on peripheral nerve function and regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Verd\u00fa","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst."}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1808869426000339?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1808869426000339?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T06:40:08Z","timestamp":1778827208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1808869426000339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1808869426000339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784","relation":{},"ISSN":["1808-8694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1808-8694","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neurodegeneration of the mastoid segment of the human facial nerve associated with senescence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjorl.2026.101784","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia C\u00e9rvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101784"}}