{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:24:40Z","timestamp":1791775480892,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,15]],"date-time":"2008-11-15T04:55:16Z","timestamp":1226724916000},"page":"59-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Reflexive contraction of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle to involuntarily sustain the effective eyelid retraction through the transverse trigeminal proprioceptive nerve on the proximal Mueller's muscle: verification with evoked electromyography"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Ryokuya","family":"Ban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiro","family":"Osada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Midori","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Yuzuriha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200101000-00006","article-title":"Etiology and pathogenesis of aponeurotic blepharoptosis","volume":"46","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-200201000-00002","article-title":"Stretching of the Mueller muscle results in involuntary contraction of the levator muscle","volume":"18","author":"Matsuo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/02844310310005603","article-title":"Restoration of involuntary tonic contraction of the levator muscle in patients with aponeurotic blepharoptosis or Horner syndrome by aponeurotic advancement using the orbital septum","volume":"37","author":"Matsuo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2004.06.006","article-title":"Efferent and afferent innervations of Mueller's muscle related to involuntary contraction of the levator muscle: important for avoiding injury during eyelid surgery","volume":"58","author":"Yuzuriha","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000227484.76120.97","article-title":"Upgaze eyelid position allows differentiation between congenital and aponeurotic blepharoptosis according to the neurophysiology of eyelid retraction","volume":"57","author":"Hirasawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1930.92.1.43","article-title":"The action potential in fibres of slow conduction in spinal roots and somatic nerves","volume":"92","author":"Erlanger","year":"1930","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1975.01010020889012","article-title":"Structure of the muscles of the upper eyelid","volume":"93","author":"Kuwabara","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2005.00374.x","article-title":"Connections between the lacrimal gland and sensory trigeminal neurons: a WGA\/HRP study in cynomolgous monkey","volume":"206","author":"Baljet","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib9","article-title":"Refined distribution of myelinated trigeminal proprioceptive nerve fibres in Mueller's muscle as the mechanoreceptors to induce involuntary reflexive contraction of the levator and frontalis muscles","author":"Yuzuriha","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)51002-1","article-title":"Biological organization of the extraocular muscles","volume":"151","author":"Spencer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib11","series-title":"The structure and function of muscle","first-page":"379","article-title":"Muscle spindles","author":"Olkowski","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902870106","article-title":"Morphological substrate for eyelid movement. Innervation and structure of primate levator palpebrae superioris and orbicularis oculi muscles","volume":"287","author":"Porter","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1959.00940090179001","article-title":"Results of resection of the levator muscle through a skin incision in congenital ptosis","volume":"61","author":"Berke","year":"1959","journal-title":"AMA Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01625-2","article-title":"Isolated unilateral neurogenic blepharoptosis secondary to eyelid trauma","volume":"134","author":"McCulley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198911000-00014","article-title":"Complete post-traumatic ptosis: a mechanism for recovery?","volume":"99","author":"Arden","year":"1989","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib16","first-page":"249","article-title":"The orbicularis oculi reflexes. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"52","author":"Berardelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880170502","article-title":"Topodiagnostic value of brain stem reflexes","volume":"17","author":"Hopf","year":"1994","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib18","first-page":"261","article-title":"Do periodontal mechanoreceptors mediate the short latency excitatory reflex in human masseter muscle?","volume":"25","author":"Carels","year":"1985","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(71)90330-1","article-title":"Masseter muscle excitation induced by stimulation of periodontal and gingival receptors in man","volume":"32","author":"Goldberg","year":"1971","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.04.020","article-title":"Neurophysiological assessment of trigeminal nerve reflexes in disorders of central and peripheral nervous system","volume":"116","author":"Valls-Sol\u00e9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)91188-0","article-title":"On the morphology of the mesencephalic trigeminal cells. New data based on tracer studies","volume":"322","author":"Walberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib22","first-page":"739","article-title":"Human jaw reflexes","volume":"39","author":"Lund","year":"1983","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2004.01.002","article-title":"Eyelid movements in health and disease. The supranuclear impairment of the palpebral motility","volume":"34","author":"Esteban","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90159-5","article-title":"Bilateral innervation of the musculus levator palpebrae superioris by single motoneurons in the monkey","volume":"146","author":"Sekiya","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02454155","article-title":"A retrograde double fluorescent tracing study of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle in the cynomolgus monkey","volume":"113","author":"VanderWerf","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib26","series-title":"Handbuch der Phsuiologie, vol. 3, part 1, English traslation by Radde CA","article-title":"Der Raumsinn und die Bewegungen der Auges","author":"Hering","year":"1942"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib27","series-title":"Neurology of the ocular muscles","author":"Cogan","year":"1956"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.30.5.383","article-title":"Some neuro-ophthalmological observations","volume":"30","author":"Fisher","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.4.424","article-title":"Eye opening reflex triggered by flexion of an arm: a manifestation of decerebrate response in diffuse bilateral hemispheric damage","volume":"62","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.60.4.1227","article-title":"Lid-eye coordination during vertical gaze changes in man and monkey","volume":"60","author":"Becker","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S174868150800908X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S174868150800908X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T20:28:50Z","timestamp":1761683330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S174868150800908X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S174868150800908X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Reflexive contraction of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle to involuntarily sustain the effective eyelid retraction through the transverse trigeminal proprioceptive nerve on the proximal Mueller's muscle: verification with evoked electromyography","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.07.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}