{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:16:11Z","timestamp":1769559371145,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,10]],"date-time":"2009-03-10T05:44:49Z","timestamp":1236663889000},"page":"390-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Congenital duplication of lower extremity \u2013 A case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Y.","family":"Osaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Oyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib1","series-title":"Developmental Stages in Human Embryos","author":"O'Rahilly","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"The genetics of human limb development","volume":"55","author":"Roberts","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.12.4237","article-title":"The limb deformity mutation disrupts the SHH\/FGF-4 feedback loop and regulation of 5\u2032 HoxD genes during limb pattern formation","volume":"121","author":"Haramis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90030-2","article-title":"Sonic hedgehog and Fgf-4 act through a signaling cascade and feedback loop to integrate growth and patterning of the developing limb bud","volume":"79","author":"Laufer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-169X.1998.t01-2-00011.x","article-title":"Shh, Bmp-2 and Hoxd-13 gene expression in chick limb bud cells in culture","volume":"40","author":"Kimura","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Growth Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.2.411","article-title":"Extent of duplication in lower-limb malformations suggests the time of the teratogenic insult","volume":"91","author":"Packard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199909000-00001","article-title":"Vertebrate limb development and malformations","volume":"46","author":"Wolpert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402540107","article-title":"Explanation for naturally occurring supernumerary limbs in amphibians","volume":"254","author":"Sessions","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062030-00022","article-title":"Incomplete congenital duplication of a lower extremity. A case report","volume":"62","author":"Hanley","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(78)90055-7","article-title":"Pathogenesis of congenital malformations. A hypothesis","volume":"135","author":"McCredie","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420270204","article-title":"Peripheral nerves do not play a trophic role in limb skeletal morphogenesis","volume":"27","author":"Strecker","year":"1983","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-199104000-00015","article-title":"Consistent arterial abnormalities associated with a variety of congenital malformations of the human lower limb","volume":"26","author":"Levinsohn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib13","first-page":"417","article-title":"Most human lower limb malformations appear to result from postspecification insults","volume":"383A","author":"Packard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-200010000-00015","article-title":"Duplication of the leg\u2013renal agenesis: congenital malformation syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Griffet","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90524-X","article-title":"Ectopic expression of Hoxb-8 causes duplication of the ZPA in the forelimb and homeotic transformation of axial structures","volume":"78","author":"Charite","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02982777","article-title":"Rudimentation and duplication of the radius in the duplicate mutant form of fowl","volume":"54","author":"Landauer","year":"1956","journal-title":"J Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401370303","article-title":"The inheritance and expression of disorganization, an unusual mutation in the mouse","volume":"137","author":"Hummel","year":"1958","journal-title":"J Exp Zool"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.26.12.785","article-title":"Unknown syndrome: abnormal facies, hypothyroidism, postaxial polydactyly, and severe retardation: a third patient","volume":"26","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.1998.11.4.569","article-title":"Collodion baby concomitant with congenital hypothyroidism: a patient report and review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Kurtoglu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.977","article-title":"Fetal hydrops, associated with maternal propylthiouracil exposure, reversed by intrauterine therapy","volume":"23","author":"Yanai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib21","first-page":"265","article-title":"Leg duplication and kidney agenesis: case report and pathogenic considerations","volume":"1","author":"Van Groesen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genet Couns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860040-00024","article-title":"Congenital reduplication of the femur associated with paraxial fibular hemimelia. Report of a case","volume":"60","author":"Weiner","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199304001-00032","article-title":"Complete congenital duplication with incomplete separation of a lower extremity","volume":"91","author":"Kojima","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420270205","article-title":"Congenital tibial aplasia with preaxial polydactyly: soft tissue anatomy as a clue to teratogenesis","volume":"27","author":"Hootnick","year":"1983","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.56B4.744","article-title":"Reduplication of the femur. Report of a case","volume":"56-B","author":"Cornah","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197860080-00030","article-title":"Partial duplication of the lower limb. A case report","volume":"60","author":"Billett","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678508994368","article-title":"Diplopodia with reversed foot. Normal gait after operation at 8 years of age","volume":"56","author":"Hamanishi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib28","series-title":"Anomalies and Curiosities of Medicine","author":"Gould","year":"1898"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1954.1528","article-title":"Posterior dichotomy: a three-legged boy","volume":"1","author":"Zammit","year":"1898","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib30","first-page":"339","article-title":"A three-legged person","volume":"11","author":"Deboo","year":"1943","journal-title":"Med Bull Bombay"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.34B4.630","article-title":"Man with three legs","volume":"34-B","author":"Smillie","year":"1952","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196446080-00011","article-title":"A child with three lower extremities","volume":"46","author":"Norman","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153070-00025","article-title":"Reduplication of bones of lower extremity","volume":"53","author":"Srivastava","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(75)80025-X","article-title":"Baby with a third leg","volume":"10","author":"Taniguchi","year":"1975","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198408000-00021","article-title":"Unilateral duplication of the femur associated with myelomeningocele","volume":"4","author":"Balog","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1988.tb03442.x","article-title":"Partial duplication of the lower limb with agenesis of ipsilateral kidney\u2013a new syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature","volume":"33","author":"Weisselberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320350217","article-title":"Mirror polydactyly: pathogenesis based on a morphogen gradient theory","volume":"35","author":"Viljoen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320330204","article-title":"Femoral duplication: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Bodurtha","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199911)60:5<272::AID-TERA8>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Anatomy of a duplicated human foot from a limb with fibular dimelia","volume":"60","author":"Rivera","year":"1999","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-200010000-00014","article-title":"Morphologic and radiographic characterization of fibular dimelia","volume":"9","author":"Ganey","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-003-1017-3","article-title":"Congenital diplopodia","volume":"33","author":"Brower","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib42","first-page":"25","article-title":"A case with congenital duplication of the lower extremity at the groin","volume":"16","author":"Wada","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kinki-Shoni-Seikeigeka"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/230949900601400216","article-title":"Congenital lumbosacral limb duplication: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2007.00127.x","article-title":"Complete unilateral leg duplication with ipsilateral renal agenesis","volume":"96","author":"Lilje","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681509000850?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681509000850?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T20:31:28Z","timestamp":1761683488000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681509000850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1748681509000850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Congenital duplication of lower extremity \u2013 A case report and review of the literature","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2009.01.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}