{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:51:14Z","timestamp":1792003874580,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,7]],"date-time":"2014-02-07T01:45:57Z","timestamp":1391737557000},"page":"607-616","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Risk factors associated with complications in lower-extremity reconstruction with the distally based sural flap: A systematic review and pooled analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"de Blacam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salih","family":"Colakoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeyemi A.","family":"Ogunleye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.S.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard T.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3109\/02844318309013118","article-title":"Distally based fasciocutaneous flap from the sural region. A preliminary report","volume":"17","author":"Donski","year":"1983","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199206000-00018","article-title":"Skin island flaps supplied by the vascular axis of the sensitive superficial nerves: anatomic study and clinical experience in the leg","volume":"89","author":"Masquelet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199404001-00016","article-title":"The distally based superficial sural artery flap","volume":"93","author":"Hasegawa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199703000-00022","article-title":"Distally based sural island flap for foot and ankle reconstruction","volume":"99","author":"Jeng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200206000-00022","article-title":"Super sural neurofasciocutaneous flaps in acute traumatic heel reconstructions","volume":"109","author":"Ayyappan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200202000-00027","article-title":"Reverse-flow island sural flap","volume":"109","author":"Almeida","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200101000-00011","article-title":"Distally based sural fasciomuscular flap: anatomic study and application for filling leg or foot defects","volume":"107","author":"Le Fourn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138e","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000259203.79909.7e","article-title":"The distally based sural flap","volume":"119","author":"Follmar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181a07723","article-title":"Risk analysis for the reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap in distal leg reconstruction","volume":"123","author":"Parrett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1226(96)90007-7","article-title":"The distally based superficial sural flap for reconstruction of the lower leg and foot","volume":"49","author":"Rajacic","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200212000-00008","article-title":"Versatility of the sural fasciocutaneous flap in the coverage of lower extremity wounds","volume":"110","author":"Hollier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199805000-00014","article-title":"The superficial sural artery flap in distal lower third extremity reconstruction","volume":"40","author":"Dolph","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000066167.68966.66","article-title":"A realistic complication analysis of 70 sural artery flaps in a multimorbid patient group","volume":"112","author":"Baumeister","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib14","first-page":"323","article-title":"The distally based sural flap for lower leg reconstruction: versatility in patients with associated morbidity","volume":"78","author":"Mileto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Ital Chir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.09.016","article-title":"Reverse sural artery flap for the reconstruction of chronic lower extremity wounds in high-risk patients","volume":"45","author":"Morgan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20469","article-title":"The sural artery patency test: a useful precaution in risky patients for the reverse sural flap","volume":"28","author":"Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200109000-00009","article-title":"A modified technique for harvesting the reverse sural artery flap from the upper part of the leg: inclusion of a gastrocnemius muscle \u201ccuff\u201d around the sural pedicle","volume":"47","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000240981.24052.e9","article-title":"The modified reverse sural artery flap lower extremity reconstruction","volume":"64","author":"Foran","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199812000-00013","article-title":"The distally based superficial sural artery island flap: clinical experiences and modifications","volume":"102","author":"Yilmaz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000219130.32053.29","article-title":"A modified technique for transposition of the reverse sural artery flap","volume":"117","author":"Buluc","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib21","series-title":"The Oxford levels of evidence 2","first-page":"2013","author":"OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj127","article-title":"Methods for pooling results of epidemiologic studies: the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer","volume":"163","author":"Smith-Warner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199307000-00004","article-title":"Methods for pooled analyses of epidemiologic studies","volume":"4","author":"Friedenrich","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2008.06.091","article-title":"Sural perforator flap for reconstructive surgery in the lower leg and the foot: a clinical study of 86 patients with post-traumatic osteomyelitis","volume":"62","author":"Tajsic","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2005.12.009","article-title":"Versatility of the sural fasciocutaneous flap in the coverage of lower third leg and hind foot defects","volume":"59","author":"Akhtar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198908000-00005","article-title":"Reconstruction of the lower extremity with microvascular free flaps: a 10-year experience with 304 consecutive cases","volume":"29","author":"Khouri","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000138811.88807.65","article-title":"One-stage reconstruction of composite bone and soft-tissue defects in traumatic lower extremities","volume":"114","author":"Yazar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000224304.56885.c2","article-title":"Outcome comparison between free muscle and free fasciocutaneous flaps for reconstruction of distal third and ankle traumatic open tibial fractures","volume":"117","author":"Yazar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200012000-00001","article-title":"Short-term wound complications after application of flaps for coverage of traumatic soft-tissue defects about the tibia. The Lower Extremity Assessment Project (LEAP) Study Group","volume":"82-A","author":"Pollak","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200005000-00016","article-title":"Utility of both muscle and fascia flaps in severe lower extremity trauma","volume":"48","author":"Hallock","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181b4c371","article-title":"Utility of proximally based sural artery flap for lower thigh and knee defects","volume":"64","author":"Suri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000141377.00807.16","article-title":"Distally based sural fasciomusculocutaneous flap for chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis in diabetic patients","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-40579","article-title":"When less is more: revascularization and sural artery fasciocutaneous flaps in ischemic limb salvage","volume":"19","author":"Isenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199706000-00008","article-title":"Free tissue transfer in treatment of the recalcitrant chronic venous ulcer","volume":"38","author":"Weinzweig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199808000-00004","article-title":"Long-term results following free tissue transfer for venous stasis ulcers","volume":"41","author":"Steffe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-974653","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of flap transfer for treatment of intractable venous stasis ulcers in the lower extremity","volume":"23","author":"Kawamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1225536","article-title":"Outcomes of microvascular reconstruction of single-vessel lower extremities: limb salvage versus amputation","volume":"25","author":"Ducic","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2007.09.060","article-title":"Lower limb revascularisation preceding surgical wound coverage \u2013 an interdisciplinary algorithm for chronic wound closure","volume":"61","author":"Aust","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181df64c2","article-title":"Supermicrosurgery in peroneal and soleus perforator-based free flap coverage of foot defects caused by occlusive vascular diseases","volume":"126","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/dfa.v3i0.18978","article-title":"The use of propeller perforator flaps for diabetic limb salvage: a retrospective review of 25 cases","volume":"3","author":"Georgescu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet Foot Ankle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3181a72f8c","article-title":"The versatility of propeller flaps for lower limb reconstruction in patients with peripheral arterial obstructive disease: initial experience","volume":"64","author":"Jiga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182173d3a","article-title":"Foot and ankle reconstruction: pedicled muscle flaps versus free flaps and the role of diabetes","volume":"128","author":"Ducic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1268851","article-title":"Is there an association between comorbidities and the outcome of microvascular free tissue transfer?","volume":"27","author":"Herold","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181763531","article-title":"Diabetes as main risk factor in head and neck reconstructive surgery with free flaps","volume":"19","author":"Valentini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e318224031c","article-title":"The sural compendium: reconstruction of complex soft-tissue defects of leg and foot by utilizing the posterior calf tissue","volume":"69","author":"Gill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1275484","article-title":"Comparative study of the postoperative complications of microvascular surgery in elderly and young patients","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000170530.51470.1a","article-title":"Delaying the reverse sural flap provides predictable results for complicated wounds in diabetic foot","volume":"55","author":"Tosun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181bcf156","article-title":"A cost-utility analysis of amputation versus salvage for Gustilo type IIIB and IIIC open tibial fractures","volume":"124","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31828afde4","article-title":"Long term results and costs of muscle flap coverage with ilizarov bone transport in lower limb salvage","volume":"27","author":"Lowenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.10.006","article-title":"Costs and coding \u2013 free-flap reconstruction in lower-limb trauma","volume":"42","author":"Townley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib51","series-title":"Theoretical epidemiology: principles of occurrence research","author":"Miettinen","year":"1985"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31826108f1","article-title":"Distally based perforator propeller sural flap for foot and ankle reconstruction: a modified flap dissection technique","volume":"72","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.03.015","article-title":"Use of angioscanning in the surgical planning of perforator flaps in the lower extremities","volume":"64","author":"Higueras Sune","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3109\/2000656X.2011.644720","article-title":"Anatomical study of medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerve: implications for innervated distally-based superficial sural artery flap","volume":"46","author":"Nuri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Plast Surg Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182589b0e","article-title":"The distally based adipofascial sural artery flap: faster, safer, and easier? A long-term comparison of the fasciocutaneous and adipofascial method in a multimorbid patient population","volume":"130","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3310\/hta9020","article-title":"Do the findings of case series studies vary significantly according to methodological characteristics?","volume":"9","author":"Dalziel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(00)80063-0","article-title":"The reversal sural artery neurocutaneous island flap in composite lower extremity wound reconstruction","volume":"39","author":"Isenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200102000-00013","article-title":"Comparative study of two series of distally based fasciocutaneous flaps for coverage of the lower one-fourth of the leg, the ankle, and the foot","volume":"107","author":"Touam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib59","first-page":"144","article-title":"Sural artery flap: a dependable solution in lower leg and foot soft tissue reconstruction","volume":"86","author":"Sharma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200103000-00018","article-title":"The distally based island superficial sural artery flap: clinical experience with 36 flaps","volume":"46","author":"Costa-Ferreira","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200111000-00006","article-title":"Use of distally based superficial sural island artery flaps in acute open fractures of the lower leg","volume":"47","author":"Singh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-002-0317-7","article-title":"Reconstruction of the lower leg with the sural artery flap","volume":"387","author":"Meyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200203000-00005","article-title":"Soft-tissue reconstruction of the foot with distally based neurocutaneous flaps in diabetic patients","volume":"48","author":"Yildirim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200205000-00008","article-title":"Reverse sural artery flap: caveats for success","volume":"48","author":"Price","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200303000-00012","article-title":"Versatility of the distally based superficial sural flap for reconstruction of lower leg and foot in children","volume":"23","author":"Koladi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000105520.24063.bb","article-title":"Reconstruction of soft-tissue defects of the heel with local fasciocutaneous flaps","volume":"52","author":"Benito-Ruiz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000137246.76119.79","article-title":"Delay in neurovenous flaps: experimental and clinical experience","volume":"53","author":"Karacalar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib68","first-page":"44","article-title":"Soft tissue reconstruction of the foot with a reverse flow sural artery neurofasciocutaneous flap","volume":"50","author":"Jolly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ostomy Wound Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib69","first-page":"401","article-title":"Superficial sural artery island flap for management of exposed Achilles' tendon \u2013 surgical techniques and clinical results","volume":"3","author":"Kalam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20162","article-title":"Modified distally based sural neuro-veno-fasciocutaneous flap: anatomical study and clinical applications","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000189204.71906.c2","article-title":"Delayed reverse sural flap for staged reconstruction of the foot and lower leg","volume":"116","author":"Kneser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000168887.25946.54","article-title":"Distally based sural flap in treatment of chronic venous ulcers","volume":"55","author":"Top","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib73","first-page":"302","article-title":"Enhanced survival using the distally based sural artery interpolation flap","volume":"54","author":"Maffi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20051201-17","article-title":"The reverse sural neurocutaneous flap for hindfoot and ankle coverage: experience and review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Rohmiller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000208946.40714.07","article-title":"Measures to prevent complications of distally based neurovascular sural flaps","volume":"57","author":"Noack","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib76","first-page":"12","article-title":"Use of the reverse flow island sural flap in the replacement of tissue loss involving the distal third of the leg, ankle and heel","volume":"48","author":"Alfano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Chir Plast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2005.10.013","article-title":"The distally based sural fasciomusculocutaneous flap for foot reconstruction","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2006.00162.x","article-title":"Reverse sural artery flap for distal lower extremity defects","volume":"33","author":"Savk","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.07.007","article-title":"Versatility of the sural fasciocutaneous flap in coverage defects of the lower limb","volume":"38","author":"Rios-Luna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000258969.13723.68","article-title":"Experience with the distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap supplied by the terminal perforator of peroneal vessels for ankle and foot reconstruction","volume":"59","author":"Chai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000260596.43001.05","article-title":"The distally based sural musculoneurocutaneous flap for treatment of distal tibial osteomyelitis","volume":"119","author":"Fodor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v84i1.9490","article-title":"Reverse sural island flap in coverage of defects lower third of leg: a series of nine cases","volume":"84","author":"Khainga","year":"2007","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000244979.27265.d6","article-title":"The reverse sural fasciomusculocutaneous \u201cmega-high\u201d flap: a study of 20 consecutive flaps for lower-limb reconstruction","volume":"58","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000238458.33475.ca","article-title":"Intermittent short saphenous vein phlebotomy: an effective technique of relieving venous congestion in the distally based sural artery flap","volume":"58","author":"Wong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2006.10.001","article-title":"The distally based sural artery flap for ankle and foot coverage","volume":"46","author":"Cheema","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1080533","article-title":"Distally based superficial sural fasciomusculocutaneous flap: a reliable solution for distal lower extremity reconstruction","volume":"24","author":"Reyes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-3-15","article-title":"The versatile reverse flow sural artery neurocutaneous flap: a case series and review of literature","volume":"3","author":"Ahmed","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2007.04.008","article-title":"The distally based neurocutaneous sural flap: a good choice for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of lower leg, foot and ankle due to fourth degree burn injury","volume":"34","author":"Mozafari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0191","article-title":"Distally based fasciocutaneous sural flap for foot reconstruction: a retrospective review of 10 years experience","volume":"29","author":"Fraccalvieri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670710015274","article-title":"The proximally-based sural artery flap for coverage of soft tissue defects around the knee and on the proximal third and middle third of the lower leg: 10 patients followed for 1-2.5 years","volume":"79","author":"Cheon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.08.032","article-title":"Reconstruction of limb soft-tissue defects: using pedicle perforator flaps with preservation of major vessels, a report of 45 cases","volume":"39","author":"Sananpanich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31815acb43","article-title":"Are reverse flow fasciocutaneous flaps an appropriate option for the reconstruction of severe postburn lower extremity contractures?","volume":"61","author":"Uygur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31817c96c7","article-title":"Reconstruction of open contaminated achilles tendon injuries with soft tissue loss","volume":"66","author":"Jepegnanam","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20595","article-title":"Distally based sural fasciomyocutaneous flap: anatomic study and modified technique for complicated wounds of the lower third leg and weight bearing heel","volume":"29","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31819516cc","article-title":"Single stage reconstruction of ruptured tendoachilles tendon with skin cover using distally based superficial sural artery flap","volume":"63","author":"Abhyankar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2010.05.006","article-title":"Distally based sural lesser saphenous neuro-veno-adipo-fascial (NVAF) flap for reconstruction in the foot: lessons learned","volume":"16","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1261702","article-title":"The proximally designed sural flap based on the accompanying artery of the lesser saphenous vein","volume":"26","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-010-0063-x","article-title":"The salvage of knee-exposed prosthesis using neurofasciocutaneous sural flap","volume":"94","author":"Vaienti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2010.2.4.244","article-title":"Soft tissue reconstruction of the foot using the distally based island pedicle flap after resection of malignant melanoma","volume":"2","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2010.0059","article-title":"Reverse sural artery flap for reconstruction of blast injuries of the foot and ankle","volume":"31","author":"Orr","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681514000655?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681514000655?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T19:41:50Z","timestamp":1648237310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681514000655"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1748681514000655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors associated with complications in lower-extremity reconstruction with the distally based sural flap: A systematic review and pooled analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.044","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}