{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:17:45Z","timestamp":1762867065999},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","jprasurg.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T05:15:59Z","timestamp":1486444559000},"page":"1449-1456","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ankylosis of temporomandibular joints after mandibular distraction osteogenesis in patients with Nager syndrome: Report of two cases and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Cheng Chun","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Sakahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The hearing organ in congenital craniofacial deformities [in German]","volume":"10","author":"Nager","year":"1948","journal-title":"Pract Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199901000-00009","article-title":"Early decannulation with bilateral mandibular distraction for tracheostomy-dependent patients","volume":"103","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200006000-00003","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis for obstructive apneas in patients with congenital craniofacial malformations","volume":"105","author":"Morovic","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000640","article-title":"Complications associated with neonatal mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of Robin sequence","volume":"25","author":"Murage","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000299285.97379.35","article-title":"Meta-analysis of mandibular distraction osteogenesis: clinical applications and functional outcomes","volume":"121","author":"Ow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181ecc6e5","article-title":"Complications of mandibular distraction osteogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Master","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199904020-00004","article-title":"Mandibular growth after distraction in patients under 48 months of age","volume":"103","author":"Hollier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.053","article-title":"Temporomandibular joint replacement for ankylosis correction in Nager syndrome: case report and review of the literature","volume":"70","author":"Schlieve","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31824a2d00","article-title":"Protection of the temporomandibular joint during syndromic neonatal mandibular distraction using condylar unloading","volume":"129","author":"Fan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199289010-00001","article-title":"Lengthening the human mandible by gradual distraction","volume":"89","author":"McCarthy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2007.11.016","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis for temporomandibular joint reconstruction","volume":"66","author":"Schwartz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200108000-00004","article-title":"Mandibular distraction osteogenesis in very young patients to correct airway obstruction","volume":"108","author":"Denny","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200205000-00006","article-title":"Long-term outcome study of bilateral mandibular distraction: a comparison of Treacher Collins and Nager syndromes to other types of micrognathia","volume":"109","author":"Stelnicki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.07.009","article-title":"Complications of mandibular distraction osteogenesis for congenital deformities: a systematic review of the literature and proposal of a new classification for complications","volume":"44","author":"Verlinden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2001.25860","article-title":"Condylar resorption following distraction osteogenesis: a case report","volume":"59","author":"van Strijen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/02844310410025312","article-title":"Unexpected events during mandibular distraction osteogenesis","volume":"38","author":"Hurmerinta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181c50fd6","article-title":"Chronic temporomandibular joint dislocation by mandibular distraction in a patient with Melnick-needles syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Kelley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200603000-00034","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis in a patient with juvenile arthritis","volume":"17","author":"Mackool","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199211000-00024","article-title":"Unpredictable growth pattern of costochondral graft","volume":"90","author":"Guyuron","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.03.041","article-title":"Overgrowth of costochondral grafts in craniomaxillofacial reconstruction: rare complication and literature review","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(96)80063-4","article-title":"The effect of gradual distraction of the mandible on the sheep temporomandibular joint","volume":"25","author":"Karaharju-Suvanto","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.112875","article-title":"Osteogenesis in the glenoid fossa in response to mandibular advancement","volume":"119","author":"Rabie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib23","first-page":"32","article-title":"Positional and morphologic changes of the mandibular condyle after mandibular distraction osteogenesis in skeletal class II patients","volume":"5","author":"Azumi","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2209\/tdcpublication.50.161","article-title":"Stress distribution in mandible and temporomandibular joint by mandibular distraction: a 3-dimensional finite-element analysis","volume":"50","author":"Katada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull Tokyo Dent Coll"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000248653.07663.fd","article-title":"Histological evaluation of the temporomandibular joint after bilateral vertical ramus mandibular distraction in a canine model","volume":"18","author":"Sant'Anna","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.10.003","article-title":"Operative management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Katsnelson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib27","first-page":"e159","article-title":"Comparison between gap arthroplasty and interpositional arthroplasty of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in children: a meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Verisqa","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.10.017","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical outcomes for various surgical modalities in the management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis","volume":"44","author":"Al-Moraissi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib95","first-page":"1","article-title":"The principles of the Ilizarov method","volume":"48","author":"Ilizarov","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull Hosp Jt Dis Orthrop Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2214","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of Nager syndrome in a monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy","volume":"29","author":"Ansart-Franquet","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320410121","article-title":"Nager acrofacial dysostosis: male-to-male transmission in 2 families","volume":"41","author":"Aylsworth","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1988.7.3.163","article-title":"Sonography of Nager acrofacial dysostosis syndrome in utero","volume":"7","author":"Benson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib32","first-page":"109","article-title":"Mandibulofacial dysostosis with limb malformations (Nager's acrofcial dysostosis)","volume":"10","author":"Bowen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib33","first-page":"984732","article-title":"Dental management of a patient with Nager acrofacial dysostosis","volume":"2015","author":"Bozatlioglu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.25.4.230","article-title":"Autosomal recessive inheritance of Nager acrofacial dysostosis","volume":"25","author":"Chemke","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(90)90353-S","article-title":"Nager's acrofacial dysostosis. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Danziger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1964.00750040519006","article-title":"The Treacher-Collins Syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Fernandez","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2015.02.004","article-title":"Orbital soft tissue surgery for patients with Treacher-Collins or Nager syndrome. A new surgical approach with early correction of soft tissue: prospective study","volume":"53","author":"Franchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib38","first-page":"519","article-title":"Picture of the month. Nager's syndrome (Nager's acrofacial dystosis)","volume":"132","author":"Gellis","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320300307","article-title":"Nager acrofacial dysostosis: evidence for apparent heterogeneity","volume":"30","author":"Goldstein","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320140203","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of Nager acrofacial dysostosis syndrome: report of four patients with Nager syndrome and discussion of other related syndromes","volume":"14","author":"Halal","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320330321","article-title":"Nager acrofacial dysostosis: autosomal dominant inheritance in mild to moderately affected mother and lethally affected phocomelic son","volume":"33","author":"Hall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1097\/01.scs.0000246494.08700.ab","article-title":"Craniofacial structures and dental development in three patients with Nager syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Halonen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320270426","article-title":"The Nager syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Hecht","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000218796.87243.6d","article-title":"Genioplasty distraction osteogenesis and hyoid advancement for correction of upper airway obstruction in patients with Treacher Collins and Nager syndromes","volume":"117","author":"Heller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198908000-00005","article-title":"A significant feature of Nager's syndrome: palatal agenesis","volume":"84","author":"Jackson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2003.11.018","article-title":"Nager syndrome (preaxial acrofacial dysostosis): a case report","volume":"97","author":"Kavadia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320170314","article-title":"Acrofacial dysostosis with severe facial clefting and limb reduction","volume":"17","author":"Kawira","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib48","series-title":"Nager syndrome with autosomal dominant inheritance","author":"Kim","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020000167","article-title":"Flexor digitorum longus accessorius in the club foot of an infant with Nager syndrome","volume":"121","author":"Kubota","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320330307","article-title":"Acrofacial dysostoses","volume":"33","author":"Le Merrer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181ae4139","article-title":"Airway analysis: with bilateral distraction of the infant mandible","volume":"20","author":"Looby","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib52","first-page":"195","article-title":"The Nagar syndrome (acrofacial dysostosis): evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance","volume":"13","author":"Lowry","year":"1977","journal-title":"Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.30.9.779","article-title":"Nager acrofacial dysostosis","volume":"30","author":"McDonald","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib54","first-page":"142","article-title":"Nager syndrome: an update of speech and hearing characteristics","volume":"24","author":"Meyerson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(08)81518-6","article-title":"Urticaria pigmentosa and Nager syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Nakata","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1007\/s003350010193","article-title":"Human PRRX1 and PRRX2 genes: cloning, expression, genomic localization, and exclusion as disease genes for Nager syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Norris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.52","article-title":"Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of Nager syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Paladini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320360323","article-title":"Nager anomaly with severe facial involvement, microcephaly, and mental retardation","volume":"36","author":"Palomeque","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12259","article-title":"Nager syndrome: confirmation of SF3B4 haploinsufficiency as the major cause","volume":"86","author":"Petit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib60","first-page":"18","article-title":"Associated deformities of the head and hands","volume":"5","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"1969","journal-title":"Birth Defects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320150208","article-title":"Acrofacial dysostosis (Nager syndrome): synopsis and report of a new case","volume":"15","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320140204","article-title":"Brief clinical report: syndrome of acrofacial dysostosis, cleft lip\/palate, and triphalangeal thumb in a Brazilian family","volume":"14","author":"Richieri-Costa","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199705000-00005","article-title":"A CT scan technique for quantitative volumetric assessment of the mandible after distraction osteogenesis","volume":"99","author":"Roth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-195408000-00003","article-title":"The surgical treatment of the atresia auris congenita: a clinical and histological report","volume":"64","author":"Ruedi","year":"1954","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.10258","article-title":"Spontaneous expression of FRA3P in a patient with Nager syndrome","volume":"118A","author":"Scapoli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31375","article-title":"Facial dysostoses: etiology, pathogenesis and management","volume":"163C","author":"Trainor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib67","first-page":"135","article-title":"Apparent autosomal recessive inheritance of the Treacher Collins syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Walker","year":"1974","journal-title":"Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib68","first-page":"A93","article-title":"Autosomal dominant transmission of Nager acrofacial dysostosis","volume":"33","author":"Weinbaum","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320460407","article-title":"Preaxial acrofacial dysostosis (Nager syndrome) associated with an inherited and apparently balanced X;9 translocation: prenatal and postnatal late replication studies","volume":"46","author":"Zori","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)80453-8","article-title":"Nager acrofacial dysostosis: report of a case","volume":"91","author":"Burton","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib71","first-page":"30","article-title":"Nager acrofacial dysostosis in four patients including monozygous twins","volume":"7","author":"Byrd","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Greenwood Genet Center"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib72","first-page":"373","article-title":"Mandibulofacial dysostosis","volume":"80","author":"Chou","year":"1960","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib73","first-page":"127","article-title":"Nager syndrome: report of seven new cases and a follow-up report of two previously reported cases","volume":"4","author":"Golabi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Greenwood Genet Center"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2008.09.007","article-title":"Airway management in Nager syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Ho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib75","first-page":"193","article-title":"Mandibulofacial dysostosis","volume":"14","author":"Jones","year":"1968","journal-title":"Cent Afr J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320210419","article-title":"Anomalies in an infant with Nager acrofacial dysostosis","volume":"21","author":"Krauss","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.10.064","article-title":"Nager syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Lansinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib78","first-page":"35","article-title":"Nager acrofacial dysostosis: early intervention and long-term planning","volume":"14","author":"Meyerson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12562","article-title":"Nager syndrome and Pierre Robin sequence","volume":"57","author":"Rosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.22.5.408","article-title":"The Nager acrofacial dysostosis syndrome with the tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000002626","article-title":"The craniofacial and upper limb management of Nager syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Chummun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200108000-00004","article-title":"Mandibular distraction osteogenesis in very young patients to correct airway obstruction","volume":"108","author":"Denny","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2008.00415.x","article-title":"Five year follow-up of mandibular distraction osteogenesis on the dentofacial structures of syndromic children","volume":"11","author":"Gursoy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199904020-00004","article-title":"Mandibular growth after distraction in patients under 48 months of age","volume":"103","author":"Hollier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199710000-00007","article-title":"Mandibular reconstruction in children with obstructive sleep apnea due to micrognathia","volume":"100","author":"James","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.01.010","article-title":"Clinical application of curvilinear distraction osteogenesis for correction of mandibular deformities","volume":"67","author":"Kaban","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib87","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Nager acrofacial dysostosis: a rare genetic disorder causing bilateral temperomandibular joint ankylosis in a 10-year-old girl","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181ae4139","article-title":"Airway analysis: with bilateral distraction of the infant mandible","volume":"20","author":"Looby","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib89","first-page":"102","article-title":"[Mandibular distraction osteogenesis in patients with craniofacial malformation]","volume":"24","author":"Maranes Galvez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cir Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200309000-00037","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis of the mandible with an internal bioresorbable device","volume":"14","author":"Margulis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199289010-00001","article-title":"Lengthening the human mandible by gradual distraction","volume":"89","author":"McCarthy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/s000560050008","article-title":"Nager syndrome. Problems and possibilities of therapy","volume":"61","author":"Opitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199705000-00005","article-title":"A CT scan technique for quantitative volumetric assessment of the mandible after distraction osteogenesis","volume":"99","author":"Roth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200205000-00006","article-title":"Long-term outcome study of bilateral mandibular distraction: a comparison of Treacher Collins and Nager syndromes to other types of micrognathia","volume":"109","author":"Stelnicki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S174868151730013X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S174868151730013X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T13:53:04Z","timestamp":1536069184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S174868151730013X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S174868151730013X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ankylosis of temporomandibular joints after mandibular distraction osteogenesis in patients with Nager syndrome: Report of two cases and literature review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2016.12.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}