{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T14:04:44Z","timestamp":1773842684957,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T14:24:45Z","timestamp":1610461485000},"page":"2085-2094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Trends in flap reconstruction of pelvic oncologic defects: Analysis of the national inpatient sample"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Zeiderman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Nu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Sahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda M.","family":"Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.12.007","article-title":"Outcomes of immediate vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction for irradiated abdominoperineal resection defects","volume":"206","author":"Butler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1245\/ASO.2005.03.100","article-title":"Rectus flap reconstruction decreases perineal wound complications after pelvic chemoradiation and surgery: a cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Chessin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10434-999-0033-4","article-title":"Immediate reconstruction of the perineal wound with gracilis muscle flaps following abdominoperineal resection and intraoperative radiation therapy for recurrent carcinoma of the rectum","volume":"6","author":"Shibata","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.116416","article-title":"Indications for immediate tissue transfer for soft tissue reconstruction in visceral pelvic surgery","volume":"130","author":"Khoo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181904df7","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of VRAM versus thigh flaps for immediate reconstruction of pelvic and perineal cancer resection defects","volume":"123","author":"Nelson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"O260","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.13384","article-title":"Risk factors for wound complications after abdominoperineal excision: analysis of the ACS NSQIP database","volume":"18","author":"Althumairi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2012.03169.x","article-title":"Reconstruction of the perineum following extralevator abdominoperineal excision for carcinoma of the lower rectum: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Foster","year":"2012","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002107","article-title":"Primary versus Flap Closure of Perineal Defects following Oncologic Resection: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"137","author":"Devulapalli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0009","series-title":"Healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP)","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2009.170","article-title":"Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery: enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Group recommendations","volume":"144","author":"Lassen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31816076c3","article-title":"A national perspective on the decline of abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer","volume":"247","author":"Tilney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-4101-z","article-title":"Sphincter preservation rates after radical resection for rectal cancer in the United States veteran population: opportunity for improvement in early disease","volume":"22","author":"Mohammed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-017-3525-8","article-title":"Rectal cancer in patients under 50 years of age","volume":"21","author":"Dinaux","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gastro. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0014","first-page":"109","article-title":"Colorectal cancer incidence patterns in the United States, 1974\u20132013","author":"Siegel","year":"2017","journal-title":"JNCI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)30652-0","article-title":"Refinements in vaginal reconstruction using rectus abdominis flaps","volume":"17","author":"Tobin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000252693.53692.e0","article-title":"Pelvic and perineal reconstruction following abdominoperineal resection: the role of gracilis flap","volume":"59","author":"Persichetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2018.12.044","article-title":"Surgical outcomes of VRAM versus gracilis flaps for the reconstruction of pelvic defects following oncologic resection(","volume":"72","author":"Stein","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0018","first-page":"74","article-title":"Repair of persistent perineal sinuses by means of a pedicle flap of musculus gracilis. Case report","volume":"9","author":"Bartholdson","year":"1975","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1990.01410230080014","article-title":"Management of perineal wounds following abdominoperineal resection with inferior gluteal flaps","volume":"125","author":"Baird","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5489","article-title":"Extended abdominoperineal resection with gluteus maximus flap reconstruction of the pelvic floor for rectal cancer","volume":"94","author":"Holm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0021","first-page":"1609","article-title":"Perineal reconstruction with an extrapelvic vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap","volume":"20","author":"Nigriny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198801000-00012","article-title":"Vaginal and pelvic reconstruction with distally based rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps","volume":"81","author":"Tobin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.15438","article-title":"A review of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040694","article-title":"Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer","volume":"351","author":"Sauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00180-1","article-title":"Sphincter preservation in rectal cancer with preoperative radiation therapy and coloanal anastomosis: long term follow-up","volume":"42","author":"Wagman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000883","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for enhanced recovery after colon and rectal surgery from the American society of colon and rectal surgeons and society of American gastrointestinal and endoscopic surgeons","volume":"60","author":"Carmichael","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.0995","article-title":"Association between use of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and postoperative complications in colorectal surgery: the postoperative outcomes within enhanced recovery after surgery protocol (POWER) study","author":"Ripolles-Melchor","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000748","article-title":"Reducing readmissions while shortening length of stay: the positive impact of an enhanced recovery protocol in colorectal surgery","volume":"60","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001160","article-title":"Enhanced recovery protocols for adults undergoing colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Greer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e31827e939e","article-title":"Does travel distance influence length of stay in elective colorectal surgery?","volume":"56","author":"Jackson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864-013-0242-8","article-title":"Evolving role of neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Schrag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(11)70097-3","article-title":"Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer: 12-year follow-up of the multicentre, randomised controlled TME trial","volume":"12","author":"van Gijn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010580","article-title":"Preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer","volume":"345","author":"Kapiteijn","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067_bib0034","first-page":"14","article-title":"NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guideliens) - Rectal","volume":"13","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681520307415?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681520307415?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T20:43:04Z","timestamp":1761684184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681520307415"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1748681520307415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trends in flap reconstruction of pelvic oncologic defects: Analysis of the national inpatient sample","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.12.067","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}