{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:47:20Z","timestamp":1790786840626,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T17:50:11Z","timestamp":1636825811000},"page":"586-604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["A systematic review of immunomodulatory strategies used in skin-containing preclinical vascularized composite allotransplant models"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5399-4166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Kauke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8226-0572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali-Farid","family":"Safi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana C.","family":"Panayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0504-7276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William Jackson","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Haug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6668-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Branislav","family":"Kollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0302-7666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurel","family":"Nelms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0408-8113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianief","family":"Tchiloemba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bohdan","family":"Pomahac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13370","article-title":"Vascularized composite allotransplantation - a Council of Europe position paper","volume":"32","author":"Thuong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1810468","article-title":"Five-year follow-up after face transplantation","volume":"380","author":"Tasigiorgos","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12765","article-title":"Vascularized composite allograft-specific characteristics of immune responses","volume":"29","author":"Issa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000752","article-title":"Airway recovery after face transplantation","volume":"134","author":"Fischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"09","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1691787","article-title":"Reporting practices on immunosuppression and rejection management in face transplantation: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Daneshgaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30272","article-title":"Face allotransplantation for various types of facial disfigurements: a series of five cases","volume":"38","author":"\u00d6zkan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chandraker A., Arscott R., Murphy G.F., et\u00a0al. The management of antibody-mediated rejection in the first presensitized recipient of a full-face allotransplant. 2014;14(6):1446\u20131452.","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12715"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.21002","article-title":"Animal models for basic and translational research in reconstructive transplantation","volume":"96","author":"Brandacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res Part C Embryo Today Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s40472-015-0071-8","article-title":"Preclinical models in vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"2","author":"Fries","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Transplant Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Preclinical animal models in facial transplantation","author":"Ramly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg - Glob Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00872.x","article-title":"Animal research: reporting in vivo experiments: the ARRIVE guidelines: animal research: reporting in vivo experiments the ARRIVE guidelines","volume":"160","author":"Kilkenny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002283","article-title":"Local Injections of Tacrolimus-loaded Hydrogel Reduce Systemic Immunosuppression-related Toxicity in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation","volume":"102","author":"Dzhonova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0014","article-title":"Desensitization and prevention of antibody-mediated rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation by syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.05.046","article-title":"Intra-graft injection of tacrolimus promotes survival of vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"218","author":"Olariu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S50","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001489","article-title":"Differential inflammatory networks distinguish responses to bone marrow-derived versus adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapies in vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"83","author":"Zamora","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002951","article-title":"Single Implantable FK506 Disk Prevents Rejection in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation","volume":"139","author":"Unadkat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001498","article-title":"The influence of timing and frequency of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy on immunomodulation outcomes after vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"101","author":"Plock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30128","article-title":"Recipient bone marrow-derived stromal cells prolong graft survival in a rat hind limb allotransplantation model","volume":"37","author":"Ikeguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000731","article-title":"Adipose-and bone marrow\u2013derived mesenchymal stem cells prolong graft survival in vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"99","author":"Plock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13118","article-title":"Spontaneous resolution of acute rejection and tolerance induction with IL-2 fusion protein in vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"15","author":"Jindal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"249","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249ra110","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008778","article-title":"A single localized dose of enzyme-responsive hydrogel improves long-term survival of a vascularized composite allograft","volume":"6","author":"Gajanayake","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000725","article-title":"Proteomic analysis in serum of rat hind-limb allograft tolerance induced by immunosuppressive therapy with adipose-derived stem cells","volume":"134","author":"Kuo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0024","series-title":"Immunosuppressive Activity of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rat Model of Hind Limb Allotransplantation","first-page":"1606","author":"Jeong","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0025","series-title":"Prolongation of the Rat Composite Tissue Allograft Survival By the Combination of Tolerogenic Immature Dendritic Cells and Short-Term Treatment With FK506","first-page":"1792","author":"Eun","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0026","first-page":"2012","article-title":"Vascularized composite allograft rejection is delayed by intrajejunal treatment with donor splenocytes without concomitant immunosuppressants","author":"Wallace","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e43825","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043825","article-title":"Role of donor-specific regulatory T cells in long-term acceptance of rat hind limb allograft","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.12.032","article-title":"Mitomycin-C-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) prolong allograft survival in composite tissue allotransplantation","volume":"176","author":"Radu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2012.07.003","article-title":"Donor-derived transplant acceptance-inducing cells in composite tissue allotransplantation","volume":"65","author":"Radu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.02.064","article-title":"Optimizing chimerism level through bone marrow transplantation and irradiation to induce long-term tolerance to composite tissue allotransplantation","volume":"178","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.06.061","article-title":"Combined treatment with regulatory T cells and vascularized bone marrow transplantation creates mixed chimerism and induces donor-specific tolerance to vascularized composite allografts without cytoreductive conditioning","volume":"178","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318230c60b","article-title":"Modulation of immune response and T-cell regulation by donor adipose-derived stem cells in a rodent hind-limb allotransplant model","volume":"128","author":"Kuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0033","first-page":"11","article-title":"Shock wave treatment in composite tissue allotransplantation","author":"Radu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03075.x","article-title":"Molecular markers and targeted therapy of skin rejection in composite tissue allotransplantation","volume":"10","author":"Hautz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.09.027","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells enhance the induction of mixed chimerism and tolerance to rat hind-limb allografts after bone marrow transplantation","volume":"160","author":"Pan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181d0ab80","article-title":"Vascularized bone grafts within composite tissue allotransplants can autocreate tolerance through mixed chimerism with partial myeloablative conditioning: an experimental study in rats","volume":"125","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2S","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17S","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318191bcbd","article-title":"Daily topical tacrolimus therapy prevents skin rejection in a rodent hind limb allograft model","volume":"123","author":"Solari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.05.034","article-title":"Alloantigen-pulsed host dendritic cells induce T-cell regulation and prolong allograft survival in a rat model of hindlimb allotransplantation","volume":"153","author":"Kuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000293754.55706.7f","article-title":"Prolongation of composite tissue allograft survival by immature recipient dendritic cells pulsed with donor antigen and transient low-dose immunosuppression","volume":"121","author":"Sacks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0040","series-title":"Rapamycin, Mycophenolate Mofetil, Methylprednisolone, and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte\u2013Associated Antigen 4 Immunoglobulin\u2013Based Conditioning Regimen to Induce Partial Tolerance to Hind Limb Allografts Without Cytoreductive Conditioning","first-page":"1714","author":"Pan","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31815e870e","article-title":"Long-term survival of limb allografts induced by pharmacologically conditioned, donor alloantigen-pulsed dendritic cells without maintenance immunosuppression","volume":"85","author":"Ikeguchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000260587.18762.a3","article-title":"Immunosuppressive effect of tryptophan metabolites in composite tissue allotransplantation","volume":"119","author":"Radu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20314","article-title":"Allopeptide-pulsed dendritic cells and composite tissue allograft survival","volume":"27","author":"Nguyen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000260437.47031.88","article-title":"Simultaneous vascularized bone marrow transplantation to promote acceptance of hind limb allografts and its effects on central and peripheral chimerism","volume":"83","author":"Kubitskiy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20297","article-title":"Induction of tolerance to composite tissue allograft in a rat model","volume":"26","author":"Quatra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20034","article-title":"Development of donor-specific chimerism and tolerance in composite tissue allografts under \u03b1\u03b2-T-cell receptor monoclonal antibody and cyclosporine a treatment protocols","volume":"24","author":"Ozer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0047","series-title":"Experimental Limb transplantation, Part II: Excellent Return of Function and Indefinite Survival After Withdrawal of Immunosuppression","first-page":"675","author":"Lanzetta","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200301150-00006","article-title":"Induction of tolerance to hind limb allografts in rats receiving cyclosporine A and antilymphocyte serum: effect of duration of the treatment","volume":"75","author":"Ozer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000085288.12571.65","article-title":"Composite tissue allotransplantation in chimeric hosts part II. A clinically relevant protocol to induce tolerance in a rat model","volume":"76","author":"Prabhune","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000058302.45424.03","article-title":"Composite tissue allotransplantation in chimeric hosts: part I. prevention of graft-versus-host disease1","volume":"75","author":"Gorantla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000079827.91675.A3","article-title":"Long-term acceptance of composite tissue allografts through mixed chimerism and CD28 blockade","volume":"76","author":"Foster","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000105343.49626.6F","article-title":"Donor-specific tolerance in fully major histocompatibility major histocompatibility complexmismatched limb allograft transplants under an anti-\u03b1\u03b2 T-cell receptor monoclonal antibody and cyclosporine A protocol","volume":"76","author":"Siemionow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2002.36524","article-title":"Induction of donor-specific tolerance in rat hind-limb allografts under antilymphocyte serum and cyclosporine A protocol","volume":"27","author":"Siemionow","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00147-003-0576-4","article-title":"Low-dose immunosuppression in a rat hind-limb transplantation model","volume":"16","author":"Perez-Abadia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200211150-00002","article-title":"Induction of tolerance in composite-tissue allografts","volume":"74","author":"Siemionow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200109150-00009","article-title":"Mixed allogeneic chimerism as a reliable model for composite tissue allograft tolerance induction across major and minor histocompatibility barriers1","volume":"72","author":"Foster","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200103000-00019","article-title":"Comparison of long-term immunosuppression for limb transplantation using cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil: implications for clinical composite tissue transplantation","volume":"107","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199602270-00002","article-title":"Use of combination of low-dose cyclosporine and RS-61443 in a rat hindlimb model of composite tissue allotransplantation","volume":"61","author":"Benhaim","year":"1996","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199407000-00011","article-title":"The effect of combined immunosuppression with systemic low-dose cyclosporin and topical fluocinolone acetonide on the survival of rat hind-limb allografts","volume":"33","author":"Inceoglu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199402150-00020","article-title":"Efficacy of RS-61443 in reversing acute rejection in a rat model of hindlimb allotransplantation","volume":"57","author":"Benhaim","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199401000-00014","article-title":"Efficacy of rapamycin and FK 506 in prolonging rat hind limb allograft survival","volume":"219","author":"Fealy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199011000-00006","article-title":"Development of stable mixed T cell chimerism and transplantation tolerance without immune modulation in recipients of vascularized bone marrow allografts","volume":"50","author":"Hewitt","year":"1990","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198504000-00005","article-title":"Composite tissue (limb) allografts in rats","volume":"39","author":"Black","year":"1985","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-198403000-00006","article-title":"Use of cyclosporin A in allotransplantation of rat limbs","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1000225","article-title":"Limb allografts in rats treated with anti-icam-1 and anti-lfa-1 monoclonal antibodies","volume":"13","author":"Tsuchida","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45759-y","article-title":"Delivery of rapamycin using in situ forming implants promotes immunoregulation and vascularized composite allograft survival","volume":"9","author":"Sutter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-197608000-00005","article-title":"Prolonged survival of rat leg allografts due to immunological enhancement","volume":"22","author":"Poole","year":"1976","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12080","article-title":"Targeting the Kv1. 3 potassium channel for immunosuppression in vascularized composite allotransplantation\u2013a pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Hautz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30041","article-title":"The reversed paradigm of chimerism induction: donor conditioning with recipient-derived bone marrow cells as a novel approach for tolerance induction in vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"36","author":"Siemionow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2015.11.004","article-title":"The amelioration of composite tissue allograft rejection by TIM-3-modified dendritic cell: regulation of the balance of regulatory and effector T cells","volume":"169","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000290277.23186.ad","article-title":"Long-term limb allograft survival using a short course of anti-CD45RB monoclonal antibody, LF 15-0195, and rapamycin in a mouse model","volume":"84","author":"Zhong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0072","series-title":"Biologics and Donor Bone Marrow Cells For Targeted Immunomodulation in Vascularized Composite allotransplantation: a Translational Trial in Swine","first-page":"3541","author":"Wachtman","year":"2011"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203624","article-title":"Bioimaging of alloantigen-stimulated regulatory T cells in rat vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14668","article-title":"Ex vivo allotransplantation engineering: delivery of mesenchymal stem cells prolongs rejection-free allograft survival","author":"Soares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002770","article-title":"Triptolide reduces the required dose of tacrolimus by attenuating inflammation, enhancing immunosuppression, and increasing donor chimerism in a heterotopic hindlimb transplantation model","volume":"138","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2013.06.020","article-title":"Syngeneic adipose-derived stem cells with short-term immunosuppression induce vascularized composite allotransplantation tolerance in rats","volume":"16","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31827899fc","article-title":"Simultaneous bone marrow and composite tissue transplantation in rats treated with nonmyeloablative conditioning promotes tolerance","volume":"95","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31820fafb4","article-title":"Evidence that FoxP3+ Treg may play a role in promoting long-term acceptance of CTA","volume":"91","author":"Bozulic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182043695","article-title":"Greater efficacy of tolerance induction with cyclosporine versus tacrolimus in composite tissue allotransplants with less myeloablative conditioning","volume":"127","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181b47cfa","article-title":"Dissociation between peripheral blood chimerism and tolerance to hindlimb composite tissue transplants: preferential localization of chimerism in donor bone","volume":"88","author":"Rahhal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamson L.A., Huang W.-.C., Breidenbach W.C., et\u00a0al. A modified model of hindlimb osteomyocutaneous flap for the study of tolerance to composite tissue allografts. Microsurgery. 2007;27(7):630\u2013636. doi:10.1002\/micr.20414","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20414"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200202150-00004","article-title":"Feasibility of immunosuppression in composite tissue allografts by systemic administration of CTLA4Ig","volume":"73","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200110000-00021","article-title":"Donor modification leads to prolonged survival of limb allografts","volume":"108","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198402000-00014","article-title":"Limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A","volume":"199","author":"Fritz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001625","article-title":"Targeted complement inhibition protects vascularized composite allografts from acute graft injury and prolongs graft survival when combined with subtherapeutic cyclosporine A therapy","volume":"101","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13694","article-title":"Combined Anti-CD154\/CTLA4Ig Costimulation Blockade-Based Therapy Induces Donor-Specific Tolerance to Vascularized Osteomyocutaneous Allografts","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12275","article-title":"Vascularized Osteomyocutaneous Allografts Are Permissive to Tolerance by Induction-Based Immunomodulatory Therapy","volume":"13","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0088","series-title":"Costimulation Blockade of CD40 and CD28 Pathways in Limb Transplantation","first-page":"3723","author":"Tung","year":"2008"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02419.x","article-title":"CD8+ T-cell depletion and rapamycin synergize with combined coreceptor\/stimulation blockade to induce robust limb allograft tolerance in mice","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-946716","article-title":"Chimerism after vascularized limb versus bone marrow transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000182651.68061.5a","article-title":"Combined treatment with CD40 costimulation blockade, T-cell depletion, low-dose irradiation, and donor bone marrow transfusion in limb allograft survival","volume":"55","author":"Tung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20170","article-title":"Prolonged limb allograft survival with CD40 costimulation blockade, T-cell depletion, and megadose donor bone-marrow transfusion","volume":"25","author":"Tung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000053756.90975.8E","article-title":"Long-term limb allograft survival using anti-CD40L antibody in a murine model","volume":"75","author":"Tung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318200a92c","article-title":"Prolongation of composite tissue allotransplant survival by treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is correlated with T-cell regulation in a swine hind-limb model","volume":"127","author":"Kuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181a664f1","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells prolong composite tissue allotransplant survival in a swine model","volume":"87","author":"Kuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000113806.52063.42","article-title":"Tolerance to composite tissue allografts across a major histocompatibility barrier in miniature swine1","volume":"77","author":"Hettiaratchy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.03.050","article-title":"Effect of the vascularized bone components on the survival of vascularized composite allografts","volume":"224","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31827c6daa","article-title":"Immunosuppression with a combination of triptolide and cyclosporin a in rat vascularized groin flap allotransplantation","volume":"131","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31820cf264","article-title":"Ex vivo transfer of adenovirus-mediated CTLA4Ig gene combined with a short course of rapamycin therapy prolongs free flap allograft survival","volume":"127","author":"Xiao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2009.02.004","article-title":"Downregulation of Janus kinase 3 expression by small interfering RNA in rat composite tissue allotransplantation","volume":"21","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transpl Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20140","article-title":"Strategies to develop chimerism in vascularized skin allografts across MHC barrier","volume":"25","author":"Demir","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-30185","article-title":"Vascularized bone-marrow allotransplantation in rats prolongs the survival of simultaneously grafted alloskin","volume":"18","author":"Tsuchida","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.06.005","article-title":"Transfusion of ethylene carbodiimide\u2013fixed donor splenocytes prolongs survival of vascularized skin allografts","volume":"221","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-015-0380-8","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of different cellular therapies of bone marrow origin on chimerism induction and maintenance across MHC barriers in a face allotransplantation model","volume":"64","author":"Hivelin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31828bca61","article-title":"Effectiveness of topical immunosuppressants in prevention and treatment of rejection in face allotransplantation","volume":"95","author":"Gharb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000152799.16035.B7","article-title":"Development and maintenance of donor-specific chimerism in semi-allogenic and fully major histocompatibility complex mismatched facial allograft transplants","volume":"79","author":"Siemionow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000142414.92308.AB","article-title":"Tolerance induction in composite facial allograft transplantation in the rat model","volume":"114","author":"Demir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03551.x","article-title":"Vascularized bone marrow-based immunosuppression inhibits rejection of vascularized composite allografts in nonhuman primates","volume":"11","author":"Barth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318298dcff","article-title":"Regulatory T cells are not predictive of outcomes in a nonhuman primate model of vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"96","author":"Brazio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31828d1528","article-title":"Histopathology of chronic rejection in a nonhuman primate model of vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"95","author":"Mundinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12364","article-title":"A novel rat full-thickness hemi-abdominal wall\/hindlimb osteomyocutaneous combined flap: influence of allograft mass and vascularized bone marrow content on vascularized composite allograft survival","volume":"27","author":"Ramirez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3182467f7b","article-title":"Short-term application of doxorubicin chemotherapy immunosuppressive side effects for composite tissue allotransplantation","volume":"68","author":"Hui-Chou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000000204","article-title":"Simultaneous transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells and a vascularized composite allograft leads to tolerance","volume":"98","author":"Mathes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e318237d6d4","article-title":"Tolerance to vascularized composite allografts in canine mixed hematopoietic chimeras","volume":"92","author":"Mathes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0115","series-title":"Use of Genetically Modified Allograft to Deliver Local Immunomodulatory Molecule With Minimal Systemic Toxicity in a Rat Model of Allogeneic Skin Flap Transplantation","first-page":"3815","author":"Fu","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2007.10.007","article-title":"Rapamycin-conditioned, alloantigen-pulsed dendritic cells promote indefinite survival of vascularized skin allografts in association with T regulatory cell expansion","volume":"18","author":"Horibe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transpl Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0117","first-page":"448","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived chimerism in non-irradiated, cyclosporin-treated rats receiving microvascularized limb transplants: evidence for donor-derived dendritic cells in recipient lymphoid tissues","volume":"86","author":"Talmor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17753","article-title":"Combination of anti-ICAM-1 and anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibody therapy prolongs allograft survival in rat hind-limb transplants","volume":"17","author":"Ozer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12560","article-title":"Vascularized composite allograft tolerance across MHC barriers in a large animal model","volume":"14","author":"Leonard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210914","article-title":"Graft-implanted, enzyme responsive, tacrolimus-eluting hydrogel enables long-term survival of orthotopic porcine limb vascularized composite allografts: a proof of concept study","volume":"14","author":"Fries","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/23723505.2015.1039692","article-title":"Effects of transient donor chimerism on rejection of mhc-mismatched vascularized composite allografts in swine","volume":"2","author":"Leto Barone","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vasc Compos Allotransplantation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199812270-00003","article-title":"Long-term composite tissue allograft survival in a porcine model with cyclosporine\/mycophenolate mofetil therapy1,2","volume":"66","author":"Uestener","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13379","article-title":"Studies introducing costimulation blockade for vascularized composite allografts in nonhuman primates","volume":"15","author":"Freitas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e120","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001496","article-title":"Long-term tolerance toward haploidentical vascularized composite allograft transplantation in a canine model using bone marrow or mobilized stem cells","volume":"100","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.12.54","article-title":"Minimizing immunosuppression in hand transplantation","volume":"8","author":"Brandacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0129","series-title":"The Science of Reconstructive Transplantation","author":"Brandacher","year":"2015"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000000140","article-title":"Acute rejection in vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"19","author":"Fischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0131","series-title":"The Science of Reconstructive Transplantation","first-page":"53","article-title":"Small Animal Models for Reconstructive Transplantation","author":"Kern","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0132","series-title":"The Science of Reconstructive Transplantation","first-page":"63","article-title":"Use of Large-Animal and Nonhuman Primate Models for Reconstructive Transplantation","author":"Swearingen","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0133","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mucosa and Rejection in Facial Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: a Systematic Review","author":"Kauke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3038","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003038","article-title":"Partial Loss of Nasal Tissue in a Facial Vascularized Composite Allograft Patient","volume":"8","author":"Kauke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0135","article-title":"Pathologies of oral and sinonasal mucosa following facial vascularized composite allotransplantation","author":"Kauke-Navarro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"108","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0137","first-page":"53483","article-title":"Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse","author":"Furtm\u00fcller","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1111432","article-title":"Three patients with full facial transplantation","volume":"366","author":"Pomahac","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13103","article-title":"Initial experience of dual maintenance immunosuppression with steroid withdrawal in vascular composite tissue allotransplantation: steroid withdrawal in VCA","volume":"15","author":"Diaz-Siso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000242527.32735.0d","article-title":"Nonhuman primates for the study of composite tissue allotransplantation","volume":"83","author":"Cendales","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-1020-x","article-title":"Mechanism of cellular rejection in transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Ingulli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2011.04.002","article-title":"Costimulatory pathways in transplantation","volume":"23","author":"Pilat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.01.002","article-title":"Costimulation blockade in autoimmunity and transplantation","volume":"121","author":"Vincenti","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14910","article-title":"De novo belatacept in clinical vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"18","author":"Cendales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506027","article-title":"Belatacept and long-term outcomes in kidney transplantation","volume":"374","author":"Vincenti","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13217","article-title":"Tacrolimus to belatacept conversion following hand transplantation: a case report: belatacept in hand transplantation","volume":"15","author":"Cendales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000000211","article-title":"Clinical trials for induction of renal allograft tolerance","volume":"20","author":"Elias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0148","article-title":"Local immunosuppression in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA): a systematic review","author":"Safi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000000452","article-title":"Adipose-derived cellular therapies in solid organ and vascularized-composite allotransplantation","volume":"22","author":"Stivers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-017-0384-z","article-title":"The exciting \u201cbench to bedside\u201d journey of cell therapies for acute kidney injury and renal transplantation","volume":"30","author":"Dellepiane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa074191","article-title":"Tolerance and chimerism after renal and hematopoietic-cell transplantation","volume":"358","author":"Scandling","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182664000","article-title":"Stem cell transplantation in living donor renal transplantation for minimization of immunosuppression","volume":"94","author":"Vanikar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplant J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13268","article-title":"Infused bone marrow fails to prevent vascularized composite allograft rejection in nonhuman primates: infused bone marrow fails to protect VCA","volume":"15","author":"Brazio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31826d90bb","article-title":"Upper-extremity transplantation using a cell-based protocol to minimize immunosuppression","volume":"257","author":"Schneeberger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devauchelle B., Badet L., Lengel\u00e9 B., et\u00a0al. First human face allograft: early report. 2006;368:7.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68935-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31823d4af6","article-title":"First human face transplantation: 5 years outcomes","volume":"93","author":"Petruzzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s40137-012-0008-4","article-title":"Minimization of immunosuppression and tolerance induction in reconstructive transplantation","volume":"1","author":"Sarhane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Surg Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2015.1078729","article-title":"Exploring cell-based tolerance strategies for hand and face transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Fryer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000000247","article-title":"Premise and promise of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies in clinical vascularized composite allotransplantation","volume":"20","author":"Schweizer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Organ Transplant"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681521005489?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681521005489?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T20:46:13Z","timestamp":1761684373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681521005489"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":155,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1748681521005489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A systematic review of immunomodulatory strategies used in skin-containing preclinical vascularized composite allotransplant models","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}