{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:28:11Z","timestamp":1790882891561,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T02:12:28Z","timestamp":1682302348000},"page":"233-245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated plastic surgery: A critical review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Pauliina","family":"Homsy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inka","family":"Romo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Kauhanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-007-9068-8","article-title":"Infections after plastic procedures: incidences, etiologies, risk factors, and antibiotic prophylaxis","volume":"32","author":"Gravante","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30375-3","article-title":"Methods to reduce postoperative surgical site infections after head and neck oncology surgery","volume":"18","author":"Cannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182729c39","article-title":"A systematic review of antibiotic use and infection in breast reconstruction: what is the evidence?","volume":"131","author":"Phillips","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz089","article-title":"Surgical site infections in aesthetic surgery","volume":"39","author":"Kaoutzanis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001265","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing surgical-site infection in plastic surgery: an evidence-based consensus conference statement from the American Association of Plastic Surgeons","volume":"135","author":"Ariyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.04.031","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatologic surgery: advisory statement 2008","volume":"59","author":"Wright","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1177\/2292550321997005","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in plastic surgery correlation between practice and evidence","volume":"29","author":"Mankowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1067\/maj.2003.39","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics in plastic surgery: trends of use over 25 years of an evolving specialty","volume":"23","author":"Lyle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12272","article-title":"Perioperative antibiotic use of dermatologic surgeons in 2012","volume":"39","author":"Bae-Harboe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.52547\/wjps.10.3.54","article-title":"The impact of a multidisciplinary approach protocol and integrated guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis in plastic surgery procedures","volume":"10","author":"AlAlwani","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the prisma statement","volume":"62","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2017.08.005","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in breast reduction surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Zapata-Copete","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31828bd752","article-title":"Are systemic antibiotics indicated in aesthetic breast surgery? A systematic review of the literature","volume":"131","author":"Hardwicke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002530","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis following implant-based breast reconstruction: what is the evidence?","volume":"138","author":"Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-016-0660-7","article-title":"Circumferential contouring of the lower trunk: indications, operative techniques, and outcomes-a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Carloni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","article-title":"Grade guidelines: 1. Introduction\u2014grade evidence profiles and summary of findings tables","volume":"64","author":"Guyatt","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib17","unstructured":"Review Manager 5.4.1. The Cochrane Collaboration; 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199511000-00022","article-title":"A prospective, double-blind, Placebo-controlled trial of a single dose of azithromycin on postoperative wound infections in plastic surgery","volume":"96","author":"Amland","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1164-3-10","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in thyroid surgery: a preliminary multicentric italian experience","volume":"3","author":"Avenia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg Innov Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib20","first-page":"387","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics in otolaryngologic surgery: a double-blind study","volume":"75","author":"Eschelman","year":"1971","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00042728-200801000-00005","article-title":"Is levofloxacin necessary to prevent postoperative infections of auricular second-intention wounds?","volume":"34","author":"Mailler-Savage","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1991.01870140082011","article-title":"Role of prophylactic antibiotics in uncontaminated neck dissections","volume":"117","author":"Carrau","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2006.7.s2-117","article-title":"Surgical site infections after thyroidectomy","volume":"7","author":"Dionigi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21815","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in uncontaminated neck dissection","volume":"121","author":"Man","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1258\/002221504322927991","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean neck dissections","volume":"118","author":"Seven","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib26","first-page":"3","article-title":"The importance of antibiotic treatment in functional and aesthetic rhinosurgery","volume":"4","author":"Pirsig","year":"1988","journal-title":"Rhinol Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2012.26.3755","article-title":"Antibiotics in septoplasty: evidence or habit?","volume":"26","author":"Ricci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhino09.177","article-title":"Cefuroxime as a prophylactic preoperative antibiotic in septoplasty. A double blind randomized placebo controlled study","volume":"49","author":"Lilja","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.8.2.84","article-title":"Prophylactic vs postoperative antibiotic use in complex septorhinoplasty surgery: a prospective, randomized, single-blind trial comparing efficacy","volume":"8","author":"Andrews","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000191181.73298.b3","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in septorhinoplasty? A prospective, randomized study","volume":"116","author":"Rajan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/000348947908800206","article-title":"Cefazolin prophylaxis in head and neck cancer surgery","volume":"88","author":"Becker","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197312000-00009","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics in oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal surgery for cancer \u2013 (a double-blind study)","volume":"83","author":"Dor","year":"1973","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1984.00800300016003","article-title":"Efficacy of two third-generation cephalosporins in prophylaxis for head and neck surgery","volume":"110","author":"Johnson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib34","first-page":"78","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in head and neck cancer surgery","volume":"17","author":"Saginur","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2015.0513","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing head and neck free flap reconstruction","volume":"141","author":"Mitchell","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815617129","article-title":"Increased surgical site infection rates following clindamycin use in head and neck free tissue transfer","volume":"154","author":"Pool","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2006.10.006","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean-contaminated head and neck oncological surgery","volume":"35","author":"Skitarelic","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.129.7.771","article-title":"Three-dose vs extended-course clindamycin prophylaxis for free-flap reconstruction of the head and neck","volume":"129","author":"Carroll","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.5540940111","article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis for contaminated head and neck surgery","volume":"94","author":"Johnson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988609500506","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk head and neck surgery: one-day vs. five-day therapy","volume":"95","author":"Johnson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1177\/01945998780860S408","article-title":"Efficacy of cefazolin as a prophylactic antibiotic in head and neck surgery","volume":"86","author":"Seagle","year":"1978","journal-title":"Otolaryng Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880110027007","article-title":"Ampicillin-sulbactam vs clindamycin in head and neck oncologic surgery. The need for gram-negative coverage","volume":"118","author":"Weber","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2015.131","article-title":"Antibiotic use after free tissue reconstruction of head and neck defects: short course vs. long course","volume":"17","author":"Khariwala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000169719.10060.32","article-title":"A prospective study of antibiotic efficacy in preventing infection in reduction mammaplasty","volume":"116","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000352","article-title":"A randomized prospective study of prophylactic cloxacillin in breast reduction surgery","volume":"74","author":"Lewin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199001183220303","article-title":"Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for herniorrhaphy and breast surgery","volume":"322","author":"Platt","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2016.072","article-title":"Controversies in reduction mammoplasty: being a \"clean\" operation, does it mandate antibiotic prophylaxis?","volume":"17","author":"Vieira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006809","article-title":"Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in reduction mammaplasty: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"145","author":"Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199008000-00009","article-title":"Preoperative antibiotics and capsular contracture in augmentation mammaplasty","volume":"86","author":"Gylbert","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/229255031602400310","article-title":"Is antibiotic prophylaxis in breast augmentation necessary? A prospective study","volume":"24","author":"Keramidas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02273877","article-title":"Wound infection in breast augmentation: the role of prophylactic perioperative antibiotics","volume":"15","author":"LeRoy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-006-0156-y","article-title":"Infections of breast implants in aesthetic breast augmentations: a single-center review of 3002 patients","volume":"31","author":"Araco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X13491490","article-title":"Povidone-iodine combined with antibiotic topical irrigation to reduce capsular contracture in cosmetic breast augmentation: a comparative study","volume":"33","author":"Giordano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181addc68","article-title":"Protective effect of topical antibiotics in breast augmentation","volume":"124","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-018-1166-2","article-title":"Breast pocket irrigation with antibiotic solution at implant insertion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Lynch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X13484465","article-title":"Capsular contracture rate in a low-risk population after primary augmentation mammaplasty","volume":"33","author":"Blount","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000302","article-title":"Evaluation of antibiotic irrigation versus saline irrigation in reducing the long-term incidence and severity of capsular contraction after primary augmentation mammoplasty","volume":"77","author":"Drinane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib58","article-title":"Evaluation of current perioperative antimicrobial regimens for the prevention of surgical site infections in breast implant-based reconstructive surgeries","volume":"7","author":"Viola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31827c6d90","article-title":"Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for implant-based breast reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix","volume":"131","author":"Avashia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31825dbefe","article-title":"Once is not enough: withholding postoperative prophylactic antibiotics in prosthetic breast reconstruction is associated with an increased risk of infection","volume":"130","author":"Clayton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000275","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis and resistance in surgical site infection after immediate tissue expander reconstruction of the breast","volume":"77","author":"McCullough","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000514","article-title":"Impact of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis duration on surgical site infections in autologous breast reconstruction","volume":"76","author":"Drury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31823ae8ce","article-title":"Duration of antibiotics after microsurgical breast reconstruction does not change surgical infection rate","volume":"129","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005270","article-title":"Prevention of surgical site infection in lower limb skin lesion excisions with single dose oral antibiotic prophylaxis: a prospective randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial","volume":"4","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00238-016-1240-4","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis with cefazolin in reducing the infection rate of non-melanocytic skin tumors: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Dreher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020213","article-title":"Effect of a single prophylactic preoperative oral antibiotic dose on surgical site infection following complex dermatological procedures on the nose and ear: a prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blinded trial","volume":"8","author":"Rosengren","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.6.688","article-title":"Intra-incisional prophylactic antibiotics for dermatologic surgery","volume":"134","author":"Griego","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.9.1145","article-title":"Clindamycin for intraincisional antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatologic surgery","volume":"138","author":"Huether","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5400","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial of the effect of applying ointment to surgical wounds before occlusive dressing","volume":"93","author":"Dixon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540120050033","article-title":"Infection and allergy incidence in ambulatory surgery patients using white petrolatum vs bacitracin ointment. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"276","author":"Smack","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a2812","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a2812","article-title":"Does single application of topical chloramphenicol to high risk sutured wounds reduce incidence of wound infection after minor surgery? Prospective randomised placebo controlled double blind trial","volume":"338","author":"Heal","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2006.06.025","article-title":"Antibiotic use in abdominoplasty: prospective analysis of 207 cases","volume":"60","author":"Sevin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13638","article-title":"Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis in tissue reconstruction using autologous fat grafting: is there a benefit for wound healing?","volume":"19","author":"Morandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.26188","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of wound infections after soft tissue sarcoma resection: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"122","author":"Dadras","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib75","article-title":"Are prophylactic postoperative antibiotics necessary after masculinizing mastectomy with free nipple graft? A single-institution retrospective review","volume":"8","author":"Ganor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2021.02.037","article-title":"Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis: single and 24-h antibiotic dosages are equally effective at preventing periprosthetic joint infection in total joint arthroplasty","volume":"36","author":"Christensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2020.1794096","article-title":"Similar risk of complete revision for infection with single-dose versus multiple-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in primary arthroplasty of the hip and knee: results of an observational cohort study in the Dutch arthroplasty register in 242,179 patients","volume":"91","author":"Veltman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00336","article-title":"Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in total joint arthroplasty: a single dose is as effective as multiple doses","volume":"101","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP948","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjab119","article-title":"Decreasing surgical site infections in plastic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of level 1 evidence","volume":"41","author":"ElHawary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620977363","article-title":"Oral flora and perioperative antimicrobial interventions in cleft palate surgery: a review of the literature","volume":"58","author":"Pfaff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofac J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c241","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c241","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics for burns patients: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"340","author":"Avni","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.18.00168","article-title":"The use of preoperative antibiotics in elective soft-tissue procedures in the hand: a critical analysis review","volume":"7","author":"Shapiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071_bib83","unstructured":"The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence; 2011. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.cebm.ox.ac.uk\/resources\/levels-of-evidence\/ocebm-levels-of-evidence\u3009."}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681523002309?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681523002309?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T20:53:55Z","timestamp":1761684835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681523002309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["S1748681523002309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated plastic surgery: A critical review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.04.071","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}