{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T13:01:19Z","timestamp":1784206879582,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","jprasurg.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T03:06:54Z","timestamp":1724382414000},"page":"168-174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Racial and ethnic disparities in treatment refusal for head and neck cutaneous malignancies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1199-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abraham","family":"Araya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2477-7912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willow","family":"Pastard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2394-7881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulla K.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janyla","family":"Seltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Knoedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1093\/phr\/117.5.426","article-title":"What is a \u201chealth disparity\u201d?","volume":"117","author":"Carter-Pokras","year":"2002","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib2","unstructured":"Disparities in Healthcare National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report 2021. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality US; 2021. \u3008http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK578529\/\u3009."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2023.4463","article-title":"The pillars of health disparities science: race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status","volume":"4","author":"P\u00e9rez-Stable","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2011.08.002","article-title":"Dermatologic health disparities","volume":"30","author":"Buster","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib5","first-page":"16","article-title":"Racial and ethnic healthcare disparities in skin cancer in the United States: a review of existing inequities, contributing factors, and potential solutions","volume":"15","author":"Shao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthetic Dermatol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.17.1907","article-title":"Ethnic differences among patients with cutaneous melanoma","volume":"166","author":"Cormier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.045","article-title":"Merkel cell carcinoma incidence, trends, and survival rates among adults aged \u226550 years from United States Cancer Statistics","volume":"80","author":"Freeman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers8020020","article-title":"Conditional melanoma cancer survival in the United States","volume":"8","author":"Merrill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.05.034","article-title":"Racial and ethnic variations in incidence and survival of cutaneous melanoma in the United States, 1999-2006","volume":"65","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19960703)67:1<24::AID-IJC6>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Site distribution of different types of skin cancer: new aetiological clues","volume":"67","author":"Franceschi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S145","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-suppl.1-41-2021-15","article-title":"When is a surgical multidisciplinary approach required in the management of head and neck non-melanoma skin cancer and in advanced head and neck pathologies involving skin?","volume":"41","author":"Almadori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.6987","article-title":"Assessing the efficacy of imiquimod use in patients with persistent locally advanced melanoma in situ","volume":"22","author":"Ward","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25966","article-title":"Factors predicting for patient refusal of head and neck cancer therapy","volume":"42","author":"Amini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib14","unstructured":"American College of Surgeons. (n.d.). National cancer database. Retrieved February 12, 2024, from \u3008http:\/\/www.facs.org\/quality-programs\/cancer\/ncdb\u3009."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-022-06653-w","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in the refusal of surgical treatment in women 40 years and older with breast cancer in the USA between 2010 and 2017","volume":"194","author":"Fwelo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib16","series-title":"Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care (With CD)","first-page":"12875","article-title":"Assessing potential sources of racial and ethnic disparities in care: patient- and system-level factors","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1177\/107327481402100411","article-title":"Social determinants of racial and ethnic disparities in cutaneous melanoma outcomes","volume":"21","author":"Harvey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06750-4","article-title":"Impacts of english language proficiency on healthcare access, use, and outcomes among immigrants: a qualitative study","volume":"21","author":"Pandey","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2014.09.004","article-title":"Impact of African\u2013American race on presentation, treatment, and survival of head and neck cancer","volume":"50","author":"Mahal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.22009","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"5","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.09.054","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in barriers to care among US adults with chronic inflammatory skin diseases: a cross-sectional study of the all of US Research Program","volume":"88","author":"Nock","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib22","article-title":"The benefit of early-stage diagnosis: a registry-based survey evaluating the quality of life in patients with melanoma","volume":"3","author":"Young","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ski Health Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15061781","article-title":"Disparities in survival outcomes among racial\/ethnic minorities with head and neck squamous cell cancer in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Baliga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4392-8","article-title":"Untreated head and neck cancer in Korea: a national cohort study","volume":"274","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib25","article-title":"Factors associated with patient\u2019s refusal of recommended cancer surgery: based on surveillance, epidemiology, and end results","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000467","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in health care access and utilization under the affordable care act","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib27","article-title":"Medicaid expansion and racial and ethnic disparities in access to health care: applying the National Academy of Medicine definition of health care disparities","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inquiry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14033-8","article-title":"Did Medicaid expansion close African American-White health care disparities nationwide? A scoping review","volume":"22","author":"Snowden","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.2716","article-title":"Association of treatment delays with survival for patients with head and neck cancer: a systematic review","volume":"145","author":"Graboyes","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S311694","article-title":"Racial disparities in patients with melanoma: a multivariate survival analysis","volume":"14","author":"Brady","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.06.006","article-title":"Racial disparities in melanoma survival","volume":"75","author":"Dawes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib32","series-title":"Cutaneous Melanoma: Etiology and Therapy","first-page":"91","article-title":"Surgical Management of Melanoma","author":"Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland, & Joyce, K. M","year":"2017"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.47.8412","article-title":"Eliminating racial disparities in colorectal cancer in the real world: it took a village","volume":"31","author":"Grubbs","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib34","series-title":"African Americans and Mental Health","first-page":"125","article-title":"Treatment strategies and healing related to African American mental health","author":"Austin","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2023.01.007","article-title":"Reduction in patient refusal of CHG bathing","volume":"51","author":"Destine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S152146","article-title":"\u2018I did not want to take that medicine\u2019: African-Americans\u2019 reasons for diabetes medication nonadherence and perceived solutions for enhancing adherence","volume":"12","author":"Shiyanbola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-3998","article-title":"Propensity score matching with R: conventional methods and new features","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681524005114?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681524005114?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T13:05:36Z","timestamp":1737637536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681524005114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1748681524005114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Racial and ethnic disparities in treatment refusal for head and neck cutaneous malignancies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.08.055","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}