{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T03:06:38Z","timestamp":1786590398491,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023294","name":"The British Society for Surgery of the Hand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T04:14:51Z","timestamp":1741752891000},"page":"334-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Epidemiology of upper limb necrotising fasciitis in England: A national study (1998-2018)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3494-3026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ky-Leigh","family":"Ang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6197-4093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Wormald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1758-6653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soma","family":"Farag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic","family":"Furniss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib1","first-page":"416","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"18","author":"Wilson","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11751-011-0116-1","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis of the extremities: a prospective study","volume":"6","author":"Espandar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib3","first-page":"981","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"55","author":"Puvanendran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35320","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.35320","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis of the upper extremity \u2013 a review","volume":"14","author":"Ditsios","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop Rev (Pavia)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2007.10.030","article-title":"Necrotising fasciitis of upper and lower limb: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Angoules","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-020-05559-2","article-title":"A 16-year longitudinal cohort study of incidence and bacteriology of necrotising fasciitis in England","volume":"44","author":"Bodansky","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7495.830","article-title":"Necrotising fasciitis","volume":"330","author":"Hasham","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200903000-00006","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"17","author":"Bellapianta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2005.03622.x","article-title":"The hospital costs of treating necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"75","author":"Widjaja","year":"2005","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.140.2.151","article-title":"Predictors of mortality and limb loss in necrotizing soft tissue infections","volume":"140","author":"Anaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000259040.71478.27","article-title":"Mortality in patients with necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"119","author":"Golger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib12","first-page":"195","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: epidemiology and clinical predictors for amputation","volume":"8","author":"Khamnuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000218734.46376.89","article-title":"Necrotizing soft tissue infections of the extremities and back","volume":"447","author":"Ogilvie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2021.02.004","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis of the upper extremity: a retrospective analysis of 19 cases","volume":"40","author":"Lemsanni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hand Surg Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/00129334-200205000-00010","article-title":"Diagnosing necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"15","author":"Trent","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.5812\/traumamon.6398","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis of the upper extremity, case report and review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Nazerani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trauma Mon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.96B11.34888","article-title":"Necrotising soft-tissue infections of the upper limb: risk factors for amputation and death","volume":"96-b","author":"Uehara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2021.06.007","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis of the extremities in high and low Charlson comorbidity index: a multi-center retrospective cohort study","volume":"27","author":"Nagata","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11082182","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis of the upper limb: optimizing management to educe complications","volume":"11","author":"La Padula","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-008-3799-2","article-title":"Factors affecting the mortality of necrotizing fasciitis involving the upper extremities","volume":"38","author":"Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05256-9","article-title":"Factors associated with mortality and amputation caused by necrotizing soft tissue infections of the upper extremity: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Nawijn","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2018.02.013","article-title":"Physiology, not modern operative approach, predicts mortality in extremity necrotizing soft tissue infections at a high-volume center","volume":"164","author":"Lauerman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(82)80006-3","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis of the upper extremity","volume":"7","author":"Schecter","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(16)30609-X","article-title":"Necrotising fasciitis of the extremities: implementation of new management technologies","volume":"47","author":"Corona","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib25","first-page":"96","article-title":"Factors affecting mortality in Hong Kong patients with upper limb necrotising fasciitis","volume":"17","author":"Yeung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B5.0830709","article-title":"Necrotising fasciitis of a limb","volume":"83","author":"Tang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199505000-00013","article-title":"Determinants of mortality for necrotizing soft-tissue infections","volume":"221","author":"McHenry","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681525001871?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681525001871?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T19:38:52Z","timestamp":1760643532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681525001871"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S1748681525001871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epidemiology of upper limb necrotising fasciitis in England: A national study (1998-2018)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2025.03.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}