{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:31:37Z","timestamp":1789115497131,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T07:13:07Z","timestamp":1777965187000},"page":"314-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Surgeon-delivered non-ultrasound-guided TAP blocks enhance recovery in DIEP flap breast reconstruction: A prospective comparative cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4689-6028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shane","family":"Cullen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameh","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eimear","family":"Phoenix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"O\u2019Donohue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roisin","family":"Dolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008409","article-title":"Defining enhanced recovery pathway with or without liposomal bupivacaine in DIEP flap breast reconstruction","volume":"148","author":"Haddock","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2021.08.010","article-title":"Positive effects of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in DIEP flap breast reconstruction","volume":"60","author":"Gort","year":"2021","journal-title":"Breast"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12030347","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in DIEP-flap breast reconstructions-a comparison of two reconstructive centers with and without ERAS-protocol","volume":"12","author":"Linder","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000003578","article-title":"Significant reduction in length of stay in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction with implementation of multimodal ERAS protocol","volume":"91","author":"Araya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003621","article-title":"The impact of complications and pain on patient satisfaction","volume":"273","author":"Berkowitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1568","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with persistent pain following breast cancer surgery","volume":"302","author":"G\u00e4rtner","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.26070","article-title":"Acute pain after breast surgery and reconstruction: a two-institution study of surgical factors influencing short-term pain outcomes","volume":"122","author":"Azad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000932","article-title":"Is there a relationship between patient satisfaction and favorable outcomes?","volume":"260","author":"Kennedy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.11.019","article-title":"Long-term results of a standardized enhanced recovery protocol in unilateral, secondary autologous breast reconstructions using an abdominal free flap","volume":"75","author":"Bonde","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"4s","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52s","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000011326","article-title":"Effectiveness of liposomal bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane block in DIEP flap breast reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"154","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.09.081","article-title":"Meta analysis of 2059 patients assessing early discharge after DIEP flap breast reconstruction: comprehensive outcomes before post-operative day 5","volume":"99","author":"Jagasia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000011951","article-title":"Moving toward the outpatient DIEP flap: factors influencing early discharge","volume":"156","author":"Graziano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2001.2279-40.x","article-title":"Abdominal field block: a new approach via the lumbar triangle","volume":"56","author":"Rafi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-016-0679-x","article-title":"Transversus abdominal plane block for postoperative analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials","volume":"63","author":"Brogi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15160","article-title":"Quadratus lumborum block vs. transversus abdominis plane block for caesarean delivery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"El-Boghdadly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06700.x","article-title":"Comparison of analgesic efficacy of subcostal transversus abdominis plane blocks with epidural analgesia following upper abdominal surgery","volume":"66","author":"Niraj","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182174090","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided bilateral transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia after breast reconstruction by DIEP flap","volume":"128","author":"Hivelin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8284363","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane block: an updated review of anatomy and techniques","volume":"2017","author":"Tsai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-023-01535-9","article-title":"Surgeon administered transversus abdominis plane block: anatomic principles and technique","volume":"17","author":"Prabhakar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181e3b531","article-title":"A simple modification to the transversus abdominis plane block provides safe and effective analgesia in TRAM\/DIEP flap patients","volume":"126","author":"West","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib21","first-page":"121","article-title":"The evolution of perforator flap breast reconstruction: twenty years after the first DIEP flap","volume":"30","author":"Healy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2022.11.044","article-title":"Implant vs. autologous tissue-based breast reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies comparing surgical approaches in 55,455 patients","volume":"77","author":"Stefura","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2018.10.002","article-title":"Improved patient outcomes using the enhanced recovery pathway in breast microsurgical reconstruction: a UK experience","volume":"19","author":"Sindali","year":"2019","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.10.058","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after surgery pathways for deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Pierzchajlo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740125","article-title":"Observations from implementation of the ERAS protocol after DIEP flap breast reconstruction","volume":"38","author":"Haddock","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2013.07.017","article-title":"Surgeon-administered, intra-operative transversus abdominis plane block in autologous breast reconstruction: a UK hospital experience","volume":"66","author":"Wheble","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2012.09.034","article-title":"Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) catheters inserted under direct vision in the donor site following free DIEP and MS-TRAM breast reconstruction: a prospective cohort study of 45 patients","volume":"66","author":"Zhong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2908","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2011-25","article-title":"Comparison of USG-guided or landmark approach fascia iliaca compartment block for positioning in elderly hip fracture patients with spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled observational study","volume":"51","author":"Ert\u00fcrk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.4103\/0259-1162.143153","article-title":"Efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block in patients undergoing emergency laparotomies","volume":"8","author":"Mrunalini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anesth Essays Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2018.02.018","article-title":"Cost analysis of enhanced recovery after surgery in microvascular breast reconstruction","volume":"71","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1740128","article-title":"Economic impact of refinements in ERAS pathways in DIEP flap breast reconstruction","volume":"38","author":"Rodnoi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681526002512?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681526002512?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T07:37:04Z","timestamp":1789112224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681526002512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S1748681526002512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Surgeon-delivered non-ultrasound-guided TAP blocks enhance recovery in DIEP flap breast reconstruction: A prospective comparative cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}