{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:44:43Z","timestamp":1791431083494,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T06:41:22Z","timestamp":1781678482000},"page":"297-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Decreased need for botulinum toxin and nerve blocks after headache surgery"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3286-480X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia L.E.","family":"M\u00f6nnink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"DePamphilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4483-6777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merel H.J.","family":"Hazewinkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne C.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristyn A.","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"William G.","family":"Austen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8679-9962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Gfrerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000789","article-title":"Prevalence of occipital neuralgia at a community hospital-based headache clinic","volume":"11","author":"Mathew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib2","first-page":"E16","article-title":"Nerve entrapment headaches at the temple: Zygomaticotemporal and\/or auriculotemporal nerve?","volume":"22","author":"Trescot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182818b0c","article-title":"Anatomy of the supratrochlear nerve: implications for the surgical treatment of migraine headaches","volume":"131","author":"Janis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3S","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib4","first-page":"S322","article-title":"Surgical management of occipital neuralgia a systematic review of the literature","volume":"86","author":"Robinson","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13533","article-title":"Treatment of occipital neuralgia using onabotulinum toxin A","volume":"145","author":"Marcolla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-020-00197-1","article-title":"A review of the recent findings in minimally invasive treatment options for the management of occipital neuralgia","volume":"9","author":"Urits","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004412","article-title":"J. nonsurgical treatment of neuralgia and cervicogenic headache: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Hazewinkel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2024.09.058","article-title":"Surgical treatment delay in patients with headache disorders and neuralgia correlates with poor postoperative outcome","volume":"99","author":"Hazewinkel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2023.09.011","article-title":"Treatment delay in patients undergoing headache surgery (Nerve Decompression Surgery)","volume":"38","author":"Hazewinkel","year":"2023","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E315","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005057","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of migraine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes and complication rates","volume":"275","author":"Elhawary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004E","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007931","article-title":"Trigger-site deactivation surgery for nerve compression headaches","volume":"147","author":"Gfrerer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181fed456","article-title":"Five-year outcome of surgical treatment of migraine headaches","volume":"127","author":"Guyuron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S80","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000697","article-title":"Experience of surgical treatment for occipital migraine in Taiwan","volume":"76","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib14","article-title":"Trigger site deactivation surgery for headaches is associated with decreased postoperative medication use","volume":"9","author":"Ortiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413485658","article-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version)","volume":"33","author":"Olesen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)-A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib18","series-title":"Prices Paid Hosp Priv Health Plans","author":"Whaley","year":"2022"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410364676","article-title":"OnabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of chronic migraine: results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase of the PREEMPT 1 trial","volume":"30","author":"Aurora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01678.x","article-title":"OnabotulinumtoxinA for treatment of chronic migraine: pooled results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phases of the PREEMPT clinical program","volume":"50","author":"Dodick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01766.x","article-title":"Method of injection of onabotulinumtoxina for chronic migraine: a safe, well-tolerated, and effective treatment paradigm based on the preempt clinical program","volume":"50","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2010","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12053","article-title":"Expert consensus recommendations for the performance of peripheral nerve blocks for headaches \u2013 a narrative review","volume":"53","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib23","series-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R","author":"RStudio Team","year":"2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14709","article-title":"Prevalence and burden of migraine in the United States: a systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Cohen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006480","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of long-term, targeted OnabotulinumtoxinA versus peripheral trigger site deactivation surgery for the Treatment of refractory migraine headaches","volume":"145","author":"Schoenbrunner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP462","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjz069","article-title":"Cost-utility analysis of surgical decompression relative to injection therapy for chronic migraine headaches","volume":"39","author":"Shauly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318244217a","article-title":"A socioeconomic analysis of surgical treatment of migraine headaches","volume":"129","author":"Faber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31825a134b","article-title":"Do botulinum toxins have a role in the management of neuropathic pain?: A focused review","volume":"91","author":"Francisco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047977","article-title":"The analgesic effect on neuropathic pain of retrogradely transported botulinum neurotoxin A involves schwann cells and astrocytes","volume":"7","author":"Marinelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00716","article-title":"Botulinum Neurotoxin for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain","volume":"11","author":"Egeo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418821669","article-title":"Greater occipital nerve block in migraine prophylaxis: narrative review","volume":"39","author":"Inan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12716","article-title":"The efficacy of greater occipital nerve blockade in chronic migraine: a placebo-controlled study","volume":"136","author":"Gul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"15_ement","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib33","article-title":"One and done: a case series of large volume occipital nerve blocks for the treatment of occipital neuralgia (P5.10-007)","volume":"92","author":"Mathew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf166","article-title":"Goadsby PJ. stimulation of the greater occipital nerve induces increased central excitability of dural afferent input","volume":"125","author":"Bartsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992E","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000008580","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of peripheral nerve blocks for diagnosis of migraine trigger points","volume":"148","author":"Rangwani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010552","article-title":"Relative pain reduction and duration of nerve block response predict outcomes in headache surgery: a prospective cohort study","volume":"152","author":"Knoedler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120E","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009775","article-title":"Migraine surgery and determination of success over time by trigger site: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"151","author":"Huayllani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2010.01675.x","article-title":"Peripheral nerve blocks and trigger point injections in headache management - a systematic review and suggestions for future research","volume":"50","author":"Ashkenazi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib39","article-title":"Anatomical Regional Targeted (ART) BOTOX injection technique: a","volume":"4","author":"Amirlak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib40","article-title":"Targeted peripheral nerve-directed Onabotulinumtoxin a injection for effective long-term therapy for migraine headache","volume":"5","author":"Janis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11101323","article-title":"Dealing with headache: sex differences in the burden of migraine- and tension-type headache","volume":"11","author":"Neumeier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14024","article-title":"The prevalence and impact of migraine and severe headache in the United States: updated age, sex, and socioeconomic-specific estimates from government health surveys","volume":"61","author":"Burch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30293-9","article-title":"Sex differences in the epidemiology, clinical features, and pathophysiology of migraine","volume":"16","author":"Vetvik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01402-2","article-title":"The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates","volume":"23","author":"Stovner","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.04.018","article-title":"A conceptual framework to assess health-related quality of life and treatment effectiveness in headache disorders from the patient perspective","volume":"117","author":"Kaur","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008_bib46","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. National Correct Coding Initiative Policy Manual for Medicare Services. \u3008https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/medicare\/coding-billing\/national-correct-coding-initiative-ncci-edits\/medicare-ncci-policy-manual#archive\u3009. [Accessed: 2025]."}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681526003530?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681526003530?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:35:40Z","timestamp":1784892940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681526003530"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S1748681526003530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decreased need for botulinum toxin and nerve blocks after headache surgery","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.06.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}