{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:48:04Z","timestamp":1792079284119,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002403","name":"Taibah University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002403","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T06:09:45Z","timestamp":1786774185000},"page":"10-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical presentation and distribution of orofacial clefts according to parental consanguinity and family history: A 20-year hospital-based retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Fatma","family":"Abdulhameed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5958-1685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muath","family":"Alassaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Albeshir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7270-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talib","family":"Albeshir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maan","family":"Alsalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadia","family":"Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2933","article-title":"Cleft lip and palate: understanding genetic and environmental influences","volume":"12","author":"Dixon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000337464","article-title":"Epidemiology of oral clefts 2012: an international perspective","volume":"16","author":"Mossey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Oral Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.04.024","article-title":"Frequency and sociopsychological impact of taunting in school-age patients with cleft lip-palate surgical repair","volume":"79","author":"Lorot-Marchand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2015.05.017","article-title":"Speech nasality and nasometry in cleft lip and palate","volume":"82","author":"Larangeira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665618760897","article-title":"Impact of orofacial dysfunction on the quality of life of adult patients with cleft lip and palate","volume":"55","author":"Mariano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib6","article-title":"Using an active screwed nasoalveolar molding device for defect rehabilitation in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"16","author":"Mossaad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-2507","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of orofacial clefts among children from different regions of Saudi Arabia: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Albalawi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1830","article-title":"Environmental mechanisms of orofacial clefts","volume":"112","author":"Garland","year":"2020","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-01274-9","article-title":"Maternal alcohol consumption and risk of offspring with congenital malformation: the Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study","volume":"90","author":"Kurita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1827","article-title":"Folate intake, markers of folate status and oral clefts: an updated set of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"112","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib11","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of cleft lip and palate in the northern region of Saudi Arabia","author":"Alrasheedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol Head Neck Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.34432","article-title":"Consanguinity and occurrence of cleft lip\/palate: a hospital-based registry study in Riyadh","volume":"158A","author":"Ravichandran","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1177\/1055665620929247","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical series of syndromic and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in a Saudi neonatal population","volume":"57","author":"Alyami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.9.11823","article-title":"Birth prevalence of non-syndromic orofacial clefts in Saudi Arabia and the effects of parental consanguinity","volume":"36","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2011.11.001","article-title":"Prevalence of orofacial clefts in Saudi Arabia and neighboring countries: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1597\/06-246.1","article-title":"Pattern of cleft lip and palate in a hospital-based population in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study","volume":"45","author":"Aljohar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(96)90242-9","article-title":"The incidence of oral clefts: a review","volume":"34","author":"Derijcke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226S","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034515581013","article-title":"IRF6 is a marker of severity in nonsyndromic cleft lip\/palate","volume":"94","author":"Kerameddin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib19","first-page":"181","article-title":"The occult submucous cleft \u2013 improving detection by education","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ulst Med J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.15537\/1658-3175.4167","article-title":"Regional variations in the prevalence of consanguinity in Saudi Arabia","volume":"28","author":"El-Mouzan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20010722)102:1<36::AID-AJMG1394>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Parental consanguinity in specific types of congenital anomalies","volume":"102","author":"Rittler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4103\/2348-2125.162965","article-title":"Consanguinity and clefts in the craniofacial region: a retrospective case-control study","volume":"2","author":"Jose","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cleft Lip Palate Craniofacial Anom"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4947.84626","article-title":"Pattern of craniofacial anomalies seen in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia","volume":"31","author":"Aziza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4197\/Med.24-3.1","article-title":"Non-syndromic orofacial cleft malformations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"24","author":"Moshref","year":"2017","journal-title":"JKAU Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Im H., Song Y., Kim J.K., Park D., Kim D., Kim H. Molecular regulation of palatogenesis and clefting: an integrative analysis of genetic, epigenetic networks, and environmental interactions 2025:1\u201348.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202501.0962.v1"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.089615","article-title":"Smad4-Irf6 genetic interaction and TGF\u03b2-mediated IRF6 signaling cascade are crucial for palatal fusion in mice","volume":"140","author":"Iwata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"July","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib27","first-page":"1","article-title":"IRF6 is the mediator of TGF \u03b2 3 during regulation of the epithelial mesenchymal transition and palatal fusion","author":"Ke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Publ Gr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-024-00700-x","article-title":"Nationwide survey on awareness of consanguinity and genetic diseases in Saudi Arabia: challenges and potential solutions to reduce the national healthcare burden","volume":"18","author":"Yousef","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum Genom"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.38.3.bm4m2158v17p2535","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of non-syndromic orofacial clefts and the influence of consanguinity (Jeddah, {KSA})","volume":"38","author":"Alamoudi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1597\/09-217","article-title":"Prevalence at birth of cleft lip with or without cleft palate: data from the International Perinatal Database of Typical Oral Clefts ({IPDTOC})","volume":"48","author":"IPDTOC Working Group","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00067","article-title":"Epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of isolated cleft palate","volume":"7","author":"Burg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.060","article-title":"Advances in the genetics of congenital heart disease: a clinician\u2019s guide","volume":"69","author":"Blue","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0b013e328349927c","article-title":"Genetics of clubfoot","volume":"21","author":"Dobbs","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-120213-092208","article-title":"Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental contributions to neural tube closure","volume":"48","author":"Wilde","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"issue":"7641","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39458.563611.AE","article-title":"Familial risk of oral clefts by morphological type and severity: population based cohort study of first degree relatives","volume":"336","author":"Sivertsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-05900-y","article-title":"The burden and care of orofacial cleft in Rwanda: a scoping review","volume":"25","author":"Amzat","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &amp; Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681526004572?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681526004572?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:23:09Z","timestamp":1792077789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681526004572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S1748681526004572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical presentation and distribution of orofacial clefts according to parental consanguinity and family history: A 20-year hospital-based retrospective study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}