{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:48:01Z","timestamp":1792079281459,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR003142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR003142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T06:44:46Z","timestamp":1788677086000},"page":"163-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tattoo or reconstruction? Sixteen-year trends in post mastectomy nipple areolar complex restoration in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0740-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jocelyn L.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8486-4568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0406-9285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Tadevosyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1989-2019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2210-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joyce J.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3946-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahim","family":"Nazerali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000012388","article-title":"Impact of nipple-areolar complex reconstruction on patient reported outcomes after alloplastic breast reconstruction: a BREAST-Q analysis","volume":"157","author":"Graziano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175395","article-title":"Depression in breast cancer patients who have undergone mastectomy: a national cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2016.01.003","article-title":"Nipple-areola complex reconstruction techniques: a literature review","volume":"42","author":"Sisti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib4","first-page":"271","article-title":"Patient satisfaction after 3d nipple-areolar complex tattooing: a case series of hispanic women following breast reconstruction surgery","volume":"45","author":"C\u00e1lix Garcia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aesthet\u00a0Surg J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-194905000-00009","article-title":"Labial transplant for correction of loss of the nipple","volume":"4","author":"Adams","year":"1949","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg (1946)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200209010-00010","article-title":"Assessment of long-term nipple projection: a comparison of three techniques","volume":"110","author":"Shestak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib7","article-title":"Free nipple grafting and nipple sharing in autologous breast reconstruction after mastectomy","volume":"8","author":"Egozi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg - Glob Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib8","first-page":"10","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes of nipple reconstruction with a composite graft from the contralateral nipple.","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch aesthet\u00a0Plast Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003917","article-title":"The \u201cFive-flap\u201d technique for nipple\u2013areola complex reconstruction","volume":"9","author":"Ferraro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg - Glob Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.2174\/1874220301805010062","article-title":"Reconstruction techniques: which is the best choice?","volume":"5","author":"Bertozzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-197505000-00019","article-title":"Reconstruction of the breast areola by intradermal tattooing and transfer. Case report","volume":"55","author":"Rees","year":"1975","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199309000-00029","article-title":"Pre-reconstruction tattooing eliminates the need for skin grafting in nipple areolar reconstruction","volume":"92","author":"Wong","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib13","first-page":"2631","volume":"45","author":"Sowa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthet\u00a0Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006398","article-title":"A nipple-areola stencil for three-dimensional tattooing: nipple by number","volume":"145","author":"Azouz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib15","article-title":"Modified medical tattooing techniques in nipple-areola complex reconstruction","volume":"6","author":"Sasaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2019.11.011","article-title":"Tattoo-only nipple-areola complex reconstruction: another option for plastic surgeons","volume":"73","author":"Cha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr aesthet\u00a0Surg JPRAS"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000144","article-title":"Three-dimensional nipple-areola tattooing: a new technique with superior results","volume":"133","author":"Halvorson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.13427","article-title":"3D areola dermopigmentation (nipple-areola complex)","volume":"25","author":"Uhlmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.05.010","article-title":"Patient satisfaction following nipple-areolar complex reconstruction and tattooing","volume":"64","author":"Goh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr aesthet\u00a0Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1001\/journalofethics.2018.20.4.msoc1-1804","article-title":"What should be the role of plastic surgeons in nonanatomic breast reconstruction, including tattooing?","volume":"20","author":"Kozlow","year":"2018","journal-title":"AMA J Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000004171","article-title":"Increasing popularity of tattoo-only nipple-areolar complex reconstruction","volume":"94","author":"Byrnes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib22","unstructured":"Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences. (2025). MarketScan Commercial Database (2025 Version) (Version 4.1) [Dataset]. Redivis (DOI:10.71778\/V2DW-7A53). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57761\/p0ta-q619."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3194","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-019-07554-x","article-title":"National patterns of breast reconstruction and nipple-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer, 2005\u20132015","volume":"26","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-019-07948-x","article-title":"Increase in utilization of nipple-sparing mastectomy for breast cancer: indications, complications, and oncologic outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Valero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12e24e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010155","article-title":"Quality of life and complications after nipple- versus skin-sparing mastectomy followed by immediate breast reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"152","author":"Clarijs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-018-6585-4","article-title":"A comparison of patient-reported outcomes after nipple-sparing mastectomy and conventional mastectomy with reconstruction","volume":"25","author":"Romanoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v5.i3.478","article-title":"Immediate nipple-areola-sparing mastectomy reconstruction: an update on oncological and reconstruction techniques","volume":"5","author":"Munhoz","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib28","article-title":"The modified skate flap: a new technique for nipple-areola complex reconstruction in implant-based breast reconstruction","volume":"3","author":"Pu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthet\u00a0Surg J Open Forum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib29","first-page":"265","article-title":"Nipple reconstruction using the \u201cArrow Flap\u201d technique: a single-institution experience","volume":"24","author":"Cazzato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/22925503251355968","article-title":"Long-term nipple projection retention following local flap-based reconstruction: insights from 3D imaging analysis","author":"Levy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib31","article-title":"Techniques in nipple areolar reconstruction: a retrospective analysis of surgical interventions and patient-reported satisfaction scores","volume":"12","author":"Baker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"4S 2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S168","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000004313","article-title":"Trends in ancillary procedures following staged implant-based breast reconstruction","volume":"94","author":"McVeigh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039_bib33","article-title":"Applications of medical tattooing: a systematic review of patient satisfaction outcomes and emerging trends","volume":"3","author":"Becker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthet\u00a0Surg J Open Forum"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681526004997?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681526004997?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:22:16Z","timestamp":1792077736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681526004997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S1748681526004997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tattoo or reconstruction? Sixteen-year trends in post mastectomy nipple areolar complex restoration in the United States","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}