{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:47:50Z","timestamp":1792079270022,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:47:17Z","timestamp":1788418037000},"page":"153-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Missed connections: National trends in the utilization of regenerative peripheral nerve interface surgery for major extremity amputation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2407-058X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee D.","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6232-087X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikhil A.","family":"Gangoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2497-3061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael B.","family":"Amrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0031-6438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarrod T.","family":"Bogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002202","article-title":"Prevalence of residual limb pain and symptomatic neuromas after lower extremity amputation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"162","author":"List","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002946","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis on the incidence of patients with lower-limb amputations who developed symptomatic neuromata in the residual limb","volume":"88","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003094","article-title":"A systematic review of the prevalence of postamputation and chronic neuropathic pain associated with combat injury in military personnel","volume":"165","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.09.003","article-title":"The prevalence and characteristics of phantom limb pain and non-painful phantom phenomena in a nationwide survey of 3,374 unilateral limb amputees","volume":"23","author":"Diers","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000533","article-title":"Peripheral interventions for painful stump neuromas of the lower limb: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Poyntz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000009164","article-title":"Update on upper limb neuroma management","volume":"34","author":"Sayegh","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-24-00581","article-title":"Current concepts of the management of painful traumatic peripheral nerve neuromas","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib8","article-title":"Regenerative peripheral nerve interface surgery: anatomic and technical guide","volume":"11","author":"Leach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2025.112767","article-title":"PROCESS guided case series of primary targeted muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces in the prevention of post amputation and phantom limb pain","volume":"56","author":"Nightingale","year":"2025","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000778","article-title":"Outcomes of targeted muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces for chronic pain control in the oncologic amputee population","volume":"237","author":"Roubaud","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000006327","article-title":"Prophylactic regenerative peripheral nerve interface surgery in pediatric lower limb amputation patients","volume":"282","author":"Mohanty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000012312","article-title":"Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) for the management of postamputation pain in oncology patients","volume":"157","author":"Berberoglu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005922","article-title":"Prophylactic regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces to prevent postamputation pain","volume":"144","author":"Kubiak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021141","article-title":"Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces (RPNIs) in animal models and their applications: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Prieto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-04116-6","article-title":"Regenerative peripheral nerve interface reduces the incidence of neuroma in the lower limbs after amputation: a retrospective study based on ultrasound","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12972","article-title":"Targeted muscle reinnervation and regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces for pain prophylaxis and treatment: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Mauch","year":"2023","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7242","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-57757-w","article-title":"Socioeconomic factors and outcome after repair and reconstruction of digital and major nerve trunk injuries in the upper limb","volume":"14","author":"Frostadottir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s17","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2023.18","article-title":"Mapping the landscape of equitable access to advanced neurotechnologies in Canada","volume":"50","author":"Harding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib19","unstructured":"HCUP-US NIS Overview. (https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/nisoverview.jsp).\u00a0[Accessed August 15, 2025]."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000011439","article-title":"A national analysis of targeted muscle reinnervation following major upper extremity amputation","volume":"155","author":"Valentine","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib21","article-title":"Targeting the appropriate coding for TMR and RPNI","volume":"10","author":"Schnur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plast Surg N"},{"issue":"533","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay2857","article-title":"A regenerative peripheral nerve interface allows real-time control of an artificial hand in upper limb amputees","volume":"12","author":"Vu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5726730","article-title":"Development of a regenerative peripheral nerve interface for control of a neuroprosthetic limb","volume":"2016","author":"Urbanchek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-018-0452-1","article-title":"Regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces for real-time, proportional control of a Neuroprosthetic hand","volume":"15","author":"Frost","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.938930","article-title":"Regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces effectively prevent neuroma formation after sciatic nerve transection in rats","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.353498","article-title":"Regenerative peripheral nerve interface prevents neuroma formation after peripheral nerve transection","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib27","article-title":"Multidimensional advances in neural interface technology for peripheral nerve repair: From material innovation to clinical translation","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1842-x","article-title":"Disparities in amputations in minorities","volume":"469","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.01827","article-title":"Disparities In diabetes-related lower extremity amputations In The United States: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Gasoyan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semvascsurg.2023.01.007","article-title":"Disparities in limb preservation and associated socioeconomic burden among patients with diabetes and\/or peripheral artery disease in the United States","volume":"36","author":"McDermott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2_","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2021.03.055","article-title":"Healthcare disparities in vascular surgery: a critical review","volume":"74","author":"Barshes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.16281","article-title":"Looking beneath the surface: racial bias in the treatment and management of pain","volume":"5","author":"Schoenthaler","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.03.003","article-title":"The interaction of patient race, provider bias, and clinical ambiguity on pain management decisions","volume":"16","author":"Hirsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2340-y","article-title":"Centers of excellence in healthcare institutions: what they are and how to assemble them","volume":"17","author":"Elrod","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2273-3940","article-title":"Economic cost-benefit analysis of nerve implanted into muscle versus targeted muscle reinnervation versus regenerative peripheral Nerve Interface, for treatment of the painful neuroma","volume":"40","author":"Zamore","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009153","article-title":"Restoration of proprioceptive and cutaneous sensation using regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces in humans with upper limb amputations","volume":"149","author":"Vu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681526004948?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681526004948?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:21:31Z","timestamp":1792077691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681526004948"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S1748681526004948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Missed connections: National trends in the utilization of regenerative peripheral nerve interface surgery for major extremity amputation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.08.042","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}