{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:04:39Z","timestamp":1790802279532,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-25406739"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-25406739"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025ER090600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ER090600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jprasurg.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:49:10Z","timestamp":1788850150000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exposure to ambient air pollutants during early gestation and phenotypic variation in non-syndromic microtia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Juyoung","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kap Sung","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juhee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Young","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.34352","article-title":"Microtia: epidemiology and genetics","volume":"158A","author":"Luquetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2025.1520200","article-title":"A systematic review of congenital external ear anomalies and their associated factors","volume":"13","author":"Acosta-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr6205","article-title":"Risk factors in the formation of congenital malformations of the ear: microtia and atresia of the external auditory canal","volume":"17","author":"Imangaliyeva","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010007","article-title":"Risk factors of isolated microtia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2023.11.012","article-title":"US air pollution is associated with increased incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip\/palate","volume":"88","author":"Krakauer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-024-00716-4","article-title":"Maternal exposure to ambient ozone and fetal congenital heart defects: a national multicenter study in China","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.06.002","article-title":"Maternal ambient air pollution exposure preconception and during early gestation and offspring congenital orofacial defects","volume":"140","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23159","article-title":"Early prenatal exposure to air pollution and its associations with birth defects in a state-wide birth cohort from North Carolina","volume":"97","author":"Vinikoor-Imler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res Part A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23175","article-title":"Traffic-related air pollution and selected birth defects in the San Joaquin Valley of California","volume":"97","author":"Padula","year":"2013","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2022.1604945","article-title":"Association between maternal exposure to SO2 and congenital ear malformations in offspring: a population-based case-control study in Liaoning Province, China","volume":"67","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000007068","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis and the nomogram for possible risk factors for severe microtia","volume":"32","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199209000-00001","article-title":"Auricular repair with autogenous rib cartilage grafts: two decades of experience with 600 cases","volume":"90","author":"Brent","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005066","article-title":"Microtia in a Chinese specialty clinic population: clinical heterogeneity and associated congenital anomalies","volume":"142","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006906","article-title":"Review of 602 microtia reconstructions: revisions and specific recommendations for each subtype","volume":"146","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.132254","article-title":"Effects of pre-natal and post-natal exposures to air pollution on onset and recurrence of childhood otitis media","volume":"459","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176124","article-title":"Early-life ozone exposure and childhood otitis media: Unveiling critical windows of risk","volume":"953","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2024.112440","article-title":"Parental stress modifies effects of early life exposure to interior environmental factors and extraventricular air pollution on childhood otitis media","volume":"269","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(95)02033-7","article-title":"The cascade mechanism to explain ozone toxicity: the role of lipid ozonation products","volume":"19","author":"Pryor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib19","first-page":"L1006","article-title":"O3-induced formation of bioactive lipids: estimated surface concentrations and lining layer effects","volume":"274","author":"Postlethwait","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfz003","article-title":"Ozone exposure during implantation increases serum bioactivity in HTR-8\/SVneo Trophoblasts","volume":"168","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfad092","article-title":"Gestational ozone inhalation elicits maternal cardiac dysfunction and transcriptional changes to placental pericytes and endothelial cells","volume":"196","author":"Hunter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2019","article-title":"Uterine artery flow and offspring growth in Long-Evans rats following maternal exposure to ozone during implantation","volume":"125","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10328","article-title":"Prevention of treacher collins syndrome craniofacial anomalies in mouse models via maternal antioxidant supplementation","volume":"7","author":"Sakai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1725","article-title":"Prevention of the neurocristopathy Treacher Collins syndrome through inhibition of p53 function","volume":"14","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2016.12.006","article-title":"Characteristics of surface ozone and nitrogen oxides at urban, suburban and rural sites in Ningbo, China","volume":"187","author":"Tong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2335","article-title":"Moderate altitude as a risk factor for isolated congenital malformations. Results from a case\u2013control multicenter\u2013multiregional study","volume":"116","author":"Ibarra-Ibarra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Birth Defect Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000010288","article-title":"Demographic, functional, and risk factors characterization in ecuadorian mestizo patients with microtia: a retrospective study","volume":"35","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Andrade","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.12.009","article-title":"Association of congenital microtia with environmental risk factors in South Korea","volume":"76","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b454d8","article-title":"Environmental and genetic factors associated with congenital microtia: a case-control study in Jiangsu, China, 2004 to 2007","volume":"124","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110193","article-title":"Ozone weekend effect in cities: deep insights for urban air pollution control","volume":"191","author":"Sicard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-022-00249-3","article-title":"Seasonality and reduced nitric oxide titration dominated ozone increase during COVID-19 lockdown in eastern China","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"npj Clim Atmos Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.02.018","article-title":"The trend of surface ozone in Taipei, Taiwan, and its causes: implications for ozone control strategies","volume":"40","author":"Chou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119645","article-title":"Factors determining the seasonal variation of ozone air quality in South Korea: regional background versus domestic emission contributions","volume":"308","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(73)90070-4","article-title":"The pathogenesis of the first and second branchial arch syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Poswillo","year":"1973","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06254","article-title":"Haemodynamics determined by a genetic programme govern asymmetric development of the aortic arch","volume":"450","author":"Yashiro","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.04.001","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 and sex-dependent infant cognitive and motor development","volume":"174","author":"Lertxundi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2020.155290","article-title":"Male fetal sex is associated with low maternal plasma anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in the first trimester of healthy pregnancies","volume":"136","author":"Ramiro-Cortijo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2009.11.010","article-title":"Review: sex and the human placenta: mediating differential strategies of fetal growth and survival","volume":"31","author":"Clifton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2012.733751","article-title":"Early-life sex-dependent vulnerability to oxidative stress: the natural twining model","volume":"26","author":"Minghetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.10.035","article-title":"Associations between prenatal traffic-related air pollution exposure and birth weight: modification by sex and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index","volume":"137","author":"Lakshmanan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.11.010","article-title":"Prenatal particulate air pollution and neurodevelopment in urban children: examining sensitive windows and sex-specific associations","volume":"87","author":"Chiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122033","article-title":"Sex difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia of offspring in response to maternal PM2.5 exposure","volume":"389","author":"Yue","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"}],"container-title":["Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681526005036?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1748681526005036?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:25:24Z","timestamp":1790799924000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1748681526005036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S1748681526005036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6815"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6815","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exposure to ambient air pollutants during early gestation and phenotypic variation in non-syndromic microtia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2026.09.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}