{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T22:07:07Z","timestamp":1779919627282,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004071","name":"Khon Kaen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T17:50:27Z","timestamp":1772128227000},"page":"101585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Normative data for the balance error scoring system for patients with chronic neck pain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2566-4642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arisa","family":"Leungbootnak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rungthip","family":"Puntumetakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3334-768X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiwaphon","family":"Chatprem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7790-1697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torkamol","family":"Hunsawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawitri","family":"Wanpen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Boucaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.8.2.71","article-title":"Relationship between clinical and forceplate measures of postural stability","volume":"8","author":"Riemann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112467755","article-title":"The balance error scoring system learned response among young adults","volume":"5","author":"Mulligan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S312202","article-title":"Effects of proprioceptive and craniocervical flexor training on static balance in university student smartphone users with balance impairment: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Wah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710723","article-title":"Prevalence of static balance impairment and associated factors of university student smartphone users with subclinical neck pain: cross-sectional study","volume":"19","author":"Wah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-385-16","article-title":"Balance- and strength-training protocols to improve chronic ankle instability deficits, Part I: assessing clinical outcome measures","volume":"53","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2019-0482","article-title":"Normative data for the balance error scoring system in iranian adults","volume":"30","author":"Shamshiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0007","article-title":"Normative data for the balance error scoring system in adults","volume":"2013","author":"Iverson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rehabil Res Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-129-17","article-title":"Normative performance on the balance error scoring system by youth, high school, and collegiate athletes","volume":"53","author":"Ozinga","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0009","first-page":"156","article-title":"Performance on the balance error scoring system decreases after fatigue","volume":"39","author":"Wilkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0621-1","article-title":"A new conceptual model of neck pain","volume":"17","author":"Guzman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"10258","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.955367","article-title":"Global, regional, and national neck pain burden in the general population, 1990\u20132019: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"13","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-021-01683-1","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and associated disability among professional bus drivers: a cross-sectional study","volume":"94","author":"Kasemsan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-022-01940-x","article-title":"An investigation of the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal pain and related disability among poultry slaughterhouse workers: a cross-sectional study","volume":"96","author":"Hancharoenkul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5474","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105474","article-title":"The prevalence of and risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders in thai oil palm harvesting workers: a cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Bhuanantanondh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10122446","article-title":"Ergonomic risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among ethnic lychee\u2013longan harvesting workers in Northern Thailand","volume":"10","author":"Ong-Artborirak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0017","first-page":"368","article-title":"Prevalence of and factors associated with occupational health problems among hill farmers in Thailand","volume":"53","author":"Choochouy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2007.06.003","article-title":"Sensorimotor disturbances in neck disorders affecting postural stability, head and eye movement control","volume":"13","author":"Treleaven","year":"2008","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-020-00230-z","article-title":"Cervical proprioception impairment in neck pain-pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and management: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14013","article-title":"Frequency-dependent deficits in head steadiness in patients with nonspecific neck pain","volume":"7","author":"Stensdotter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000141170.89317.0e","article-title":"Patients with neck pain demonstrate reduced electromyographic activity of the deep cervical flexor muscles during performance of the craniocervical flexion test","volume":"29","author":"Falla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2005.07.004","article-title":"Body chart pain location and side-specific physical impairment in subclinical neck pain","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000103944.10408.BA","article-title":"Cervical range of motion associations with subclinical neck pain","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000152160.28052.a2","article-title":"Proprioception and rotation range sensitization associated with subclinical neck pain","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2015.11.006","article-title":"Does muscle morphology change in chronic neck pain patients? - A systematic review","volume":"22","author":"De Pauw","year":"2016","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2872","article-title":"Muscle dysfunction in cervical spine pain: implications for assessment and management","volume":"39","author":"O\u2019leary","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2007.04.001","article-title":"Association between cervicocephalic kinesthetic sensibility and frequency of subclinical neck pain","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2006.12.005","article-title":"Standing balance: a comparison between idiopathic and whiplash-induced neck pain","volume":"13","author":"Field","year":"2008","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1120","article-title":"Increased neck muscle activity and impaired balance among females with whiplash-related chronic neck pain: a cross-sectional study","volume":"45","author":"Juul-Kristensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-176","article-title":"Neck pain and postural balance among workers with high postural demands - a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2021.102608","article-title":"Altered neuromuscular activity and postural stability during standing balance tasks in persons with non-specific neck pain","volume":"61","author":"Sremakaew","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0032","article-title":"Assessment of standing balance in normal versus cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients","volume":"3","author":"Ver","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Am Spine Soc J (NASSJ)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2017-0172","article-title":"Postural control in subclinical neck pain: a comparative study on the effect of pain and measurement procedures","volume":"18","author":"Amaral","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2007.02.002","article-title":"The influence of neck pain on balance and gait parameters in community-dwelling elders","volume":"13","author":"Poole","year":"2008","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2013.09.004","article-title":"The effects of head movement and walking speed on gait parameters in patients with chronic neck pain","volume":"19","author":"Uthaikhup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-023-06721-2","article-title":"The impact of neck pain on gait health: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Burton","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-017-0876-7","article-title":"Impact of musculoskeletal pain on balance and concerns of falling in mobility-limited, community-dwelling Danes over 75 years of age: a cross-sectional study","volume":"30","author":"Kendall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.02.009","article-title":"Risk factors for falls among older adults: a review of the literature","volume":"75","author":"Ambrose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa070","article-title":"Impact of pain on reactive balance and falls in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study","volume":"49","author":"Hirase","year":"2020","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-03508-y","article-title":"Prevalence and morbidity of neck pain: a cross-sectional study of 3000 elderly men","volume":"18","author":"Damm","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2014.1002578","article-title":"Falls and fallers in traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation settings: an integrative review","volume":"37","author":"McKechnie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024054","article-title":"The relationship of fear of falling and balance confidence with balance and dual tasking performance","volume":"27","author":"Hadjistavropoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.0302","article-title":"Neck Pain: revision 2017","volume":"47","author":"Blanpied","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2009.2834","article-title":"Sensorimotor function and dizziness in neck pain: implications for assessment and management","volume":"39","author":"Kristjansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-1996-6605","article-title":"Effects of different treatments on postural performance in patients with cervical root compression","volume":"6","author":"Persson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970306093","article-title":"Vertical posture and head stability in patients with chronic neck pain","volume":"35","author":"Michaelson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0047","first-page":"130","article-title":"Effect of proprioceptive training on balance in patients with chronic neck pain","volume":"30","author":"Duray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agri"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301386","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Balance Error Score System (BESS) Thai version in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain","volume":"19","author":"Leungbootnak","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2015.03.3636","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the balance error scoring system \u2013 BESS","volume":"101","author":"Kleffelg\u00e5rd","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0050","first-page":"307","article-title":"Normative data: their definition, interpretation, and importance for primary care physicians","volume":"22","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0051","article-title":"Normative values of functional reach test, single-leg stance test, and timed \u201cUP and GO\u201d with and without dual-task in healthy Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study","volume":"80","author":"Nakhostin-Ansari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050701867407","article-title":"Normative data for the balance error scoring system: implications for brain injury evaluations","volume":"22","author":"Iverson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577511","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration","volume":"18","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S190125","article-title":"Effect of specific deep cervical muscle exercises on functional disability, pain intensity, craniovertebral angle, and neck-muscle strength in chronic mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Suvarnnato","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2019-0482","article-title":"Normative data for the balance error scoring system in Iranian adults","volume":"30","author":"Shamshiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0056","series-title":"Biostatistics: A Foundation For Analysis in the Health Sciences","author":"Daniel","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738111403122","article-title":"Systematic review of the balance error scoring system","volume":"3","author":"Bell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052160107","article-title":"Suboccipital muscles in the cat neck: morphometry and histochemistry of the rectus capitis muscle complex","volume":"216","author":"Selbie","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Morphol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(98)00094-X","article-title":"Influences of neck afferents on sympathetic and respiratory nerve activity","volume":"47","author":"Bolton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.4.1980","article-title":"Neck muscle responses to stimulation of monkey superior colliculus. I. Topography and manipulation of stimulation parameters","volume":"88","author":"Corneil","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00415-2","article-title":"Influences on the fusimotor-muscle spindle system from chemosensitive nerve endings in cervical facet joints in the cat: possible implications for whiplash induced disorders","volume":"91","author":"Thunberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(96)03305-2","article-title":"Increased intramuscular concentration of bradykinin increases the static fusimotor drive to muscle spindles in neck muscles of the cat","volume":"70","author":"Pedersen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-007-0080-4","article-title":"Neural and muscular factors associated with motor impairment in neck pain","volume":"9","author":"Falla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E847","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000240841.07050.34","article-title":"Fatty infiltration in the cervical extensor muscles in persistent whiplash-associated disorders: a magnetic resonance imaging analysis","volume":"31","author":"Elliott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2007.11.011","article-title":"Fatty infiltrate in the cervical extensor muscles is not a feature of chronic, insidious-onset neck pain","volume":"63","author":"Elliott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2007.01.012","article-title":"MRI study of the cross-sectional area for the cervical extensor musculature in patients with persistent whiplash associated disorders (WAD)","volume":"13","author":"Elliott","year":"2008","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90008-8","article-title":"Neck flexor muscle strength, efficiency, and relaxation times in normal subjects and subjects with unilateral neck pain and headache","volume":"77","author":"Barton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1993.1304272.x","article-title":"Cervical headache: an investigation of natural head posture and upper cervical flexor muscle performance","volume":"13","author":"Watson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2006.02.010","article-title":"Cranio-cervical flexor muscle impairment at maximal, moderate, and low loads is a feature of neck pain","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2007","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1814-9","article-title":"Feedforward activity of the cervical flexor muscles during voluntary arm movements is delayed in chronic neck pain","volume":"157","author":"Falla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S1356-689X(03)00086-9","article-title":"Impairment in the cervical flexors: a comparison of whiplash and insidious onset neck pain patients","volume":"9","author":"Jull","year":"2004","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000128759.02487.BF","article-title":"Patients with chronic neck pain demonstrate altered patterns of muscle activation during performance of a functional upper limb task","volume":"29","author":"Falla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.02.001","article-title":"Effects of neck extensor muscles fatigue on balance","volume":"19","author":"Gosselin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.12.024","article-title":"Postural control during quiet standing following cervical muscular fatigue: effects of changes in sensory inputs","volume":"378","author":"Vuillerme","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100130212","article-title":"Fiber composition and fiber transformations in neck muscles of patients with dysfunction of the cervical spine","volume":"13","author":"Uhlig","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000128759.02487.BF","article-title":"Patients with chronic neck pain demonstrate altered patterns of muscle activation during performance of a functional upper limb task","volume":"29","author":"Falla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00183.2007","article-title":"Neural control of superficial and deep neck muscles in humans","volume":"98","author":"Blouin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2008.2598","article-title":"Cross-sectional area of cervical multifidus muscle in females with chronic bilateral neck pain compared to controls","volume":"38","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-De-Las-Pe\u00f1as","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2004.05.003","article-title":"Unravelling the complexity of muscle impairment in chronic neck pain","volume":"9","author":"Falla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx331","article-title":"The relevance of proprioception to chronic neck pain: a correlational analysis of flexor muscle size and endurance, clinical neck pain characteristics, and proprioception","volume":"19","author":"Arimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20220","article-title":"Retraining cervical joint position sense: the effect of two exercise regimes","volume":"25","author":"Jull","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2846-z","article-title":"Cervical proprioception and its relationship with neck pain intensity in subjects with cervical spondylosis","volume":"20","author":"Reddy","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00631-9","article-title":"Inhibition of motor system excitability at cortical and spinal level by tonic muscle pain","volume":"112","author":"Le Pera","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"41 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/16501960310010179","article-title":"Cortical reorganisation and chronic pain: implications for rehabilitation","author":"Flor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1519\/00139143-200704000-00003","article-title":"Normative values for the unipedal stance test with eyes open and closed","volume":"30","author":"Springer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Geriatr Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214434","article-title":"Age and sex differences in human balance performance from 6-18 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Schedler","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2008.09.001","article-title":"Balance disorders in the elderly","volume":"38","author":"Sturnieks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin\/Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.252","article-title":"Balance and gait in the elderly: a contemporary review","volume":"4","author":"Osoba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M263","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/50A.5.M263","article-title":"Dynamic balance in older persons: effects of reduced visual and proprioceptive input","volume":"50","author":"Judge","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000231761.73859.2c","article-title":"What is intervertebral disc degeneration, and what causes it?","volume":"31","author":"Adams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B1.0800019","article-title":"MRI of cervical intervertebral discs in asymptomatic subjects","volume":"80","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264308324680","article-title":"Coping with chronic pain among younger, middle-aged, and older adults living with neurological injury and disease","volume":"20","author":"Molton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0864-4","article-title":"The prevalence of neck pain in the world population: a systematic critical review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Fejer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.10.015","article-title":"Age and race effects on pain sensitivity and modulation among middle-aged and older adults","volume":"15","author":"Riley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqi083","article-title":"Ergonomics, musculoskeletal disorders and computer work","volume":"55","author":"Wahlstr\u00f6m","year":"2005","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.504","article-title":"Physical risk factors for neck pain","volume":"26","author":"Ari\u00ebns","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31819c2003","article-title":"Aging of the cervical spine in healthy volunteers: a 10-year longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"34","author":"Okada","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585_bib0098","article-title":"Course and prognostic factors for neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders","volume":"33","author":"Carroll","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1413355526000109?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1413355526000109?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:34:49Z","timestamp":1779917689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1413355526000109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1413355526000109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585","relation":{},"ISSN":["1413-3555"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1413-3555","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Normative data for the balance error scoring system for patients with chronic neck pain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101585","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. on behalf of Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Pesquisa e P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Fisioterapia.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101585"}}