{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:46:23Z","timestamp":1792583183444,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T03:22:58Z","timestamp":1788578578000},"page":"101639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of action observation therapy and virtual reality combined with conventional therapy for upper extremity rehabilitation in children with unilateral cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3135-5248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinem Erturan","family":"Burak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2372-0102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Burak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8714-0214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00fclent","family":"Elbasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12304","article-title":"Pathophysiology of impaired hand function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy","volume":"55","author":"Gordon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2011.12.008","article-title":"Upper limb impairments and their impact on activity measures in children with unilateral cerebral palsy","volume":"16","author":"Klingels","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-020-1022-z","article-title":"State of the evidence traffic lights 2019: systematic review of interventions for preventing and treating children with cerebral palsy","volume":"20","author":"Novak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0004","series-title":"Motor Control And Learning: A Behavioral Emphasis","author":"Schmidt","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/23822","article-title":"Integration of motor learning principles into virtual reality interventions for individuals with cerebral palsy: systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Demers","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Serious Games"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144230","article-title":"The mirror-neuron system","volume":"27","author":"Rizzolatti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.24.08288-1","article-title":"Cognitive approaches in the rehabilitation of upper limbs function in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Demeco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2014.0002","article-title":"Comparing outcomes of Kinect videogame-based occupational\/physical therapy versus usual care","volume":"3","author":"Dahl-Popolizio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Games Health J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2021.0128","article-title":"Effects of augmented reality intervention on the range of motion and muscle strength of upper extremity in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Malick","year":"2022","journal-title":"Games Health J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02927-2","article-title":"Relationship between the more-affected upper limb function and daily activity performance in children with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0011","first-page":"53","article-title":"Comparison of short- and long-time action observation training on upper limb function in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiother Pract Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-131001","article-title":"Kinect Xbox 360 as a therapeutic modality for children with cerebral palsy in a school environment: a preliminary study","volume":"33","author":"Luna-Oliva","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2020.100978","article-title":"Remodeling of the ICF: a commentary","volume":"14","author":"Sykes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/01942638.2019.1664703","article-title":"Defining functional therapy in research involving children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Geijen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162206001162","article-title":"The manual ability classification system (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy: scale development and evidence of validity and reliability","volume":"48","author":"Eliasson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.03953.x","article-title":"Upper limb function and deformity in cerebral palsy: a review of classification systems","volume":"53","author":"McConnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1644","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0185","article-title":"Action observation treatment: a novel tool in neurorehabilitation","volume":"369","author":"Buccino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286419898065","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial combining constraint-induced movement therapy and action-observation training in unilateral cerebral palsy: clinical effects and influencing factors of treatment response","volume":"13","author":"Simon-Martinez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0019","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of virtual reality games as an adjunct treatment tool on upper extremity function of spastic hemiplegic children","volume":"9","author":"Bedair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J PharmTech Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2018.1479810","article-title":"Effect of Wii training on hand function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy","volume":"36","author":"El-Shamy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12949","article-title":"Selective control of the upper extremity scale: validation of a clinical assessment tool for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy","volume":"58","author":"Wagner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0022","first-page":"129","article-title":"Evaluation of hand function in children","volume":"54","author":"Taylor","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000138423.77640.37","article-title":"ABILHAND-Kids: a measure of manual ability in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"63","author":"Arnould","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1017\/S001216220600096X","article-title":"The PedsQL in pediatric cerebral palsy: reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the generic core scales and cerebral palsy module","volume":"48","author":"Varni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/16501970410017215","article-title":"Reliability of gait performance tests in men and women with hemiparesis after stroke","volume":"37","author":"Flansbjer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2012.04334.x","article-title":"Improving upper limb motor functions through action observation treatment: a pilot study in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"54","author":"Buccino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014436","article-title":"Motor cognition and its role in the phylogeny and ontogeny of action understanding","volume":"45","author":"Gallese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15055","article-title":"Interventions to improve physical function for children and young people with cerebral palsy: international clinical practice guideline","volume":"64","author":"Jackman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12666","article-title":"What is the threshold dose of upper limb training for children with cerebral palsy to improve function? A systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Jackman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust Occup Ther J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-32","article-title":"Individualized, home-based interactive training of cerebral palsy children delivered through the Internet","volume":"11","author":"Bilde","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2024.050374","article-title":"Effectiveness of virtual reality for upper extremity function and motor performance of children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review","volume":"78","author":"Bell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.774","article-title":"Efficacy of neurodevelopmental treatment combined with the Nintendo Wii in patients with cerebral palsy","volume":"28","author":"Acar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1793009","article-title":"Action observation treatment in a telerehabilitation setting: a pilot study in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"44","author":"Molinaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03777.x","article-title":"Causal relation between spasticity, strength, gross motor function, and functional outcome in children with cerebral palsy: a path analysis","volume":"53","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0035","first-page":"1506","article-title":"Role of exer-games in improving motor performance and functional independence of upper limb in spastic cerebral palsy children","volume":"11","author":"Saghir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2020.0182","article-title":"The effect of video-based games on hand functions and cognitive functions in cerebral palsy","volume":"10","author":"Yildirim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Games Health J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.05.059","article-title":"Mirror activity in the human brain while observing hand movements: a comparison between EEG desynchronization in the mu-range and previous fMRI results","volume":"1282","author":"Perry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.06.004","article-title":"Mirror visual feedback induces lower neuromuscular activity in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy","volume":"31","author":"Feltham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.123","article-title":"Feasibility, motivation, and selective motor control: virtual reality compared to conventional home exercise in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"9","author":"Bryanton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968313497101","article-title":"Randomized trial of observation and execution of upper extremity actions versus action alone in children with unilateral cerebral palsy","volume":"27","author":"Sgandurra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0041","first-page":"84","article-title":"Effect of action observation therapy in spastic kinds of cerebral palsy: JRCRS. 2018; 6 (2): 84-89","volume":"6","author":"Baig","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Riphah Coll Rehabil Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.1809","article-title":"Effects of purposeful action observation on kinematic patterns of upper extremity in individuals with hemiplegia","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2019.0020","article-title":"The effects of virtual reality on motor functions and daily life activities in unilateral spastic cerebral palsy: a single-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"\u015eahin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Games Health J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3109\/17518423.2012.713401","article-title":"Wii-habilitation of upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy: an explorative study","volume":"16","author":"Winkels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Neurorehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.2147\/PHMT.S266720","article-title":"Effectiveness of action observation training on upper limb motor function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Alamer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Health Med Ther"}],"container-title":["Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S141335552600064X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S141335552600064X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:28:39Z","timestamp":1792582119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S141335552600064X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S141335552600064X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639","relation":{},"ISSN":["1413-3555"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1413-3555","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of action observation therapy and virtual reality combined with conventional therapy for upper extremity rehabilitation in children with unilateral cerebral palsy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjpt.2026.101639","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Pesquisa e P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Fisioterapia. Published by Elsevier Espa\u00f1a, S.L.U. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101639"}}