{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:18:04Z","timestamp":1791483484982,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Blood Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T23:34:47Z","timestamp":1604100887000},"page":"100773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Myeloid sarcoma, chloroma, or extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia tumor: A tale of misnomers, controversy and the unresolved"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Rory M.","family":"Shallis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Gale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hillard M.","family":"Lazarus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth B.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina L.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart E.","family":"Seropian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Gore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai A.","family":"Podoltsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2019.04.005","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: recent progress and enduring challenges","volume":"36","author":"Shallis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2400844","article-title":"Overexpression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma by bone marrow cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"11","author":"Kitagawa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.2.752","article-title":"IFN-gamma negatively modulates self-renewal of repopulating human hemopoietic stem cells","volume":"174","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0020","article-title":"Increased expression of interferon signaling genes in the bone marrow microenvironment of myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196502)18:2<253::AID-CNCR2820180218>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Myeloblastoma preceding blood and marrow evidence of acute leukemia","volume":"18","author":"Comings","year":"1965","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-01-030643","article-title":"CD34 cells from patients with trisomy 8 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) express early apoptotic markers but avoid programmed cell death by up-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins","volume":"109","author":"Sloand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V35.3.361.361","article-title":"Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma)","volume":"35","author":"Wiernik","year":"1970","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.118679","article-title":"Impaired cytotoxicity associated with defective natural killer cell differentiation in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"100","author":"Hejazi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0045","series-title":"WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0050","series-title":"WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2016.04.001","article-title":"Extramedullary acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"30","author":"Solh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197304)31:4<948::AID-CNCR2820310428>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Autopsy study of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) in patients with myelogenous leukemia, Hiroshima-Nagasaki 1949\u20131969","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3544","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.67.5892","article-title":"Extramedullary disease in adult acute myeloid leukemia is common but lacks independent significance: analysis of patients in ECOG-ACRIN cancer research group trials, 1980\u20132008","volume":"34","author":"Ganzel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.79","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of extramedullary myeloid sarcoma in the United States: analysis using a national data set","volume":"7","author":"Goyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2014.963080","article-title":"Presentation and outcomes among patients with isolated myeloid sarcoma: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database analysis","volume":"56","author":"Movassaghian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2402958","article-title":"Outcome in patients with nonleukemic granulocytic sarcoma treated with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Tsimberidou","year":"2003","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1159\/000253592","article-title":"Prognostic factors of treatment outcomes in patients with granulocytic sarcoma","volume":"122","author":"Lan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404491","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma: clinico-pathologic, phenotypic and cytogenetic analysis of 92 adult patients","volume":"21","author":"Pileri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/10245332.2017.1333275","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, molecular profile and outcomes of myeloid sarcoma: a single institution experience over 13 years","volume":"23","author":"Kaur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2478\/raon-2019-0014","article-title":"Radiological and clinical patterns of myeloid sarcoma","volume":"53","author":"Meyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2016.12.003","article-title":"Clinical outcome of myeloid sarcoma in adult patients and effect of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Results from a multicenter survey","volume":"53","author":"Lazzarotto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810915)48:6<1426::AID-CNCR2820480626>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Granulocytic sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 61 biopsied cases","volume":"48","author":"Neiman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.073189","article-title":"Extramedullary relapse of acute myeloid leukemia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: incidence, risk factors and outcomes","volume":"98","author":"Harris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.05.023","article-title":"Extramedullary relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: better prognosis than systemic relapse","volume":"18","author":"Solh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.01.011","article-title":"Extramedullary relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Yuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2013.08.017","article-title":"Prevalence of extramedullary relapses is higher after allogeneic stem cell transplantation than after chemotherapy in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"37","author":"Shimizu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2012.720375","article-title":"Extramedullary relapse following reduced intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant for adult acute myelogenous leukemia","volume":"54","author":"Kogut","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.03.023","article-title":"Isolated extramedullary relapse of acute leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: different kinetics and better prognosis than systemic relapse","volume":"23","author":"Shem-Tov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.05.018","article-title":"Isolated extramedullary relapse as a poor predictor of survival after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute leukemia","volume":"25","author":"Sakellari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190600632857","article-title":"Extramedullary sites of leukemia relapse after transplant","volume":"47","author":"Cunningham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2016.44","article-title":"Very late relapse of AML after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is often extramedullary","volume":"51","author":"Watts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-018-0093-9","article-title":"Extramedullary relapses after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia: clinical characteristics, incidence, risk factors and outcomes","volume":"53","author":"Alhashim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0165","article-title":"Extra-medullary recurrence of myeloid leukemia as myeloid sarcoma after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: impact of conditioning intensity","author":"Frietsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701319","article-title":"High incidence of extramedullary relapse of AML after busulfan\/cyclophosphamide conditioning and allogeneic stem cell transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Simpson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2019.223032","article-title":"The prevalence of extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia detected by 18FDG-PET\/CT: final results from the Prospective PETAML Trial","volume":"105","author":"Stolzel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP1ZA7HYZKAZHS","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma: extramedullary manifestation of myeloid disorders","volume":"132","author":"Campidelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2004.03.021","article-title":"Extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia infiltrates","volume":"28","author":"Tallman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404699","article-title":"Cytoplasmic mutated nucleophosmin (NPM) defines the molecular status of a significant fraction of myeloid sarcomas","volume":"21","author":"Falini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1995.13.7.1800","article-title":"Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a clinical review","volume":"13","author":"Byrd","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940415)73:8<2107::AID-CNCR2820730815>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Recurrent granulocytic sarcoma. An unusual variation of acute myelogenous leukemia associated with 8;21 chromosomal translocation and blast expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule","volume":"73","author":"Byrd","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01696563","article-title":"Neural cell-adhesion molecule (CD 56)-positive, t(8,21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML, M-2) and granulocytic sarcoma","volume":"69","author":"Krishnan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/75.2.140","article-title":"Extramedullary masses as presenting features of acute monoblastic leukemia","volume":"75","author":"Peterson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199409049646","article-title":"Chromosome 11q23 abnormalities in leukaemia","volume":"14","author":"Ridge","year":"1994","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2004.05124.x","article-title":"FLT3 mutations in myeloid sarcoma","volume":"126","author":"Ansari-Lari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2017.1339879","article-title":"Detection of prognostically relevant mutations and translocations in myeloid sarcoma by next generation sequencing","volume":"59","author":"Kashofer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2016.1225208","article-title":"Detection of clonal heterogeneity and targetable mutations in myeloid sarcoma by high-throughput sequencing","volume":"58","author":"Pastoret","year":"2017","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-018-0083-6","article-title":"RTK-RAS pathway mutation is enriched in myeloid sarcoma","volume":"8","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0056-6","article-title":"Mutational profiling of isolated myeloid sarcomas and utility of serum 2HG as biomarker of IDH1\/2 mutations","volume":"32","author":"Willekens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2019.11.004","article-title":"Molecular discordance between myeloid sarcomas and concurrent bone marrows occurs in actionable genes and is associated with worse overall survival","volume":"22","author":"Werstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.4.1643","article-title":"Expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule CD56 is associated with short remission duration and survival in acute myeloid leukemia with t(8,21)(q22;q22)","volume":"90","author":"Baer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V80.12.3182.3182","article-title":"Distinctive immunophenotypic features of t(8,21)(q22;q22) acute myeloblastic leukemia in children","volume":"80","author":"Hurwitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3576199","article-title":"Neural cell adhesion molecule: structure, immunoglobulin-like domains, cell surface modulation, and alternative RNA splicing","volume":"236","author":"Cunningham","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2004.01.006","article-title":"Extramedullary infiltrates of AML are associated with CD56 expression, 11q23 abnormalities and inferior clinical outcome","volume":"28","author":"Chang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0270","first-page":"869","article-title":"Differential expression of adhesion molecules in acute leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Reuss-Borst","year":"1995","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20526","article-title":"Expression of MAC-1 (CD11b) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis","volume":"81","author":"Graf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-014-2082-4","article-title":"Correlation of CD11b and CD56 expression in adult acute myeloid leukemia with cytogenetic risk groups and prognosis","volume":"93","author":"Junca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22500","article-title":"Chemokine\/chemokine receptor interactions in extramedullary leukaemia of the skin in childhood AML: differential roles for CCR2, CCR5, CXCR4 and CXCR7","volume":"55","author":"Faaij","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06590.x","article-title":"The CXCR4 chemokine receptor in acute and chronic leukaemia: a marrow homing receptor and potential therapeutic target","volume":"137","author":"Burger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.61","article-title":"Frequent loss of RAF kinase inhibitor protein expression in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"26","author":"Zebisch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2506","article-title":"Expression of programmed death ligand 1 is associated with poor prognosis in myeloid sarcoma patients","volume":"36","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0305","first-page":"1","article-title":"PD-1\/PD-L1 expression in extramedullary lesions of acute myeloid leukemia","author":"Meleveedu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-643544","article-title":"The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia","volume":"127","author":"Arber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.6.1761427","article-title":"Radiologic manifestations of granulocytic sarcoma in adult leukemia","volume":"176","author":"Ooi","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2433060747","article-title":"Granulocytic sarcoma of bowel: CT findings","volume":"243","author":"Choi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3342\/ceo.2009.2.2.66","article-title":"Granulocytic sarcoma in the head and neck: CT and MR imaging findings","volume":"2","author":"Noh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000337","article-title":"Qualitative assessment of diffusion weighted imaging and susceptibility weighted imaging of myeloid sarcoma involving the brain","volume":"40","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-0397(01)00056-5","article-title":"Detection of extramedullary infiltrates in acute myelogenous leukemia with whole-body positron emission tomography and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose","volume":"4","author":"Kuenzle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Imaging Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0340","first-page":"ECR54","article-title":"PET-imaging as a useful tool for early detection of the relapse site in the management of primary myeloid sarcoma","volume":"91","author":"Karlin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2010.04.017","article-title":"FDG-PET is effective in the detection of granulocytic sarcoma in patients with myeloid malignancy","volume":"34","author":"Ueda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2011.045047","article-title":"(1)(8)F-FDG-PET\/CT for detection of extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"96","author":"Stolzel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.12085","article-title":"Extramedullary disease in patients with acute myeloid leukemia assessed by 18F-FDG PET","volume":"90","author":"Cribe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0360","article-title":"Acute myeloid leukemia, version 3.2020, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","author":"Tallman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102581","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21905","article-title":"Use of magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis and after treatment of patients with myeloid sarcoma of the brain","volume":"8","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3086","article-title":"Granulocytic sarcoma of the spine: MRI and clinical review","volume":"194","author":"Seok","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000647","article-title":"How should we diagnose and treat blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm patients?","volume":"3","author":"Garnache-Ottou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2018.08.014","article-title":"Epidemiology and survival of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm","volume":"73","author":"Guru Murthy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1309\/WWW7-DG6X-HC16-D7J2","article-title":"Immunophenotypic profile of myeloid cells in granulocytic sarcoma by immunohistochemistry. Correlation with blast differentiation in bone marrow","volume":"114","author":"Chang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-2-42","article-title":"Myeloid sarcomas: a histologic, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic study","volume":"2","author":"Alexiev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2013.238","article-title":"Optimized immunohistochemical panel to differentiate myeloid sarcoma from blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm","volume":"27","author":"Sangle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2016.116","article-title":"CD68\/macrosialin: not just a histochemical marker","volume":"97","author":"Chistiakov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V81.6.1607.1607","article-title":"Molecular cloning of CD68, a human macrophage marker related to lysosomal glycoproteins","volume":"81","author":"Holness","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.013029","article-title":"Macrophage specificity of three anti-CD68 monoclonal antibodies (KP1, EBM11, and PGM1) widely used for immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry","volume":"63","author":"Kunisch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2900040202","article-title":"An immunohistochemical and clinicopathological study of granulocytic sarcoma (\u2019chloroma\u2019)","volume":"4","author":"Muller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190600967196","article-title":"Granulocytic sarcoma: 32 cases and review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"Paydas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.2.466","article-title":"Extramedullary leukemia adversely affects hematologic complete remission rate and overall survival in patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22): results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 8461","volume":"15","author":"Byrd","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23691","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma is associated with superior event-free survival and overall survival compared with acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"113","author":"Tsimberidou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.02.057","article-title":"Radiation therapy for chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma)","volume":"82","author":"Bakst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-8-245","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features and responses to radiotherapy of myeloid sarcoma","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.11.683","article-title":"Central nervous system involvement in acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"21","author":"Bar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24799","article-title":"Factors associated with risk of central nervous system relapse in patients with non-core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"92","author":"Jabbour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.05.045","article-title":"Use of radiation in extramedullary leukemia\/chloroma: guidelines from the international lymphoma radiation oncology group","volume":"102","author":"Bakst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-235358","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukemia in adults: recommendations from an international expert panel, on behalf of the European LeukemiaNet","volume":"115","author":"Dohner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-08-733196","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel","volume":"129","author":"Dohner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(83)90176-1","article-title":"Extramedullary lesions in non-lymphocytic leukemia: results of radiation therapy","volume":"9","author":"Chak","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020126312","article-title":"Spinal chloroma presenting with triplegia in an aleukaemic patient","volume":"33","author":"Buckland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-008-0227-8","article-title":"Spinal epidural granulocytic sarcoma in non-leukemic patient","volume":"89","author":"Antic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-008-9679-1","article-title":"Myeloid sarcoma presenting as a recurrent, multifocal nerve root entrapment syndrome","volume":"91","author":"Verra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-016-2338-6","article-title":"The effectiveness of radiotherapy for leukemia cutis","volume":"143","author":"Elsayad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10399","article-title":"Comparison in treatments of nonleukemic granulocytic sarcoma: report of two cases and a review of 72 cases in the literature","volume":"94","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-5-199509010-00005","article-title":"Isolated chloroma: the effect of early antileukemic therapy","volume":"123","author":"Imrie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19861215)58:12<2697::AID-CNCR2820581225>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Granulocytic sarcoma in nonleukemic patients","volume":"58","author":"Meis","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-016-2870-0","article-title":"Evidence for a role of decitabine in the treatment of myeloid sarcoma","volume":"96","author":"Gornicec","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2019.100639","article-title":"The golden age for patients in their golden years: the progressive upheaval of age and the treatment of newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"40","author":"Shallis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0520","first-page":"5061","article-title":"Targeted therapy in FLT3-ITD positive myeloid sarcoma: proof of principle","volume":"130","author":"Grillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-019-0116-x","article-title":"The evolving landscape of biomarkers for checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Havel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601202","article-title":"Ipilimumab for patients with relapse after allogeneic transplantation","volume":"375","author":"Davids","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0535","article-title":"Systemic immunotherapy effective for refractory extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"3","author":"Alfayez","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4940","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.6315","article-title":"Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for myeloid sarcoma: a retrospective study from the SFGM-TC","volume":"26","author":"Chevallier","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2011.041418","article-title":"Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for isolated and leukemic myeloid sarcoma in adults: a report from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation","volume":"96","author":"Chevallier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2012.156","article-title":"Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult AML patients with granulocytic sarcoma","volume":"26","author":"Shimizu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30567","article-title":"Cytogenetic risk determines outcomes after allogeneic transplantation in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia in their second complete remission: a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research cohort analysis","volume":"123","author":"Michelis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.07.024","article-title":"Classifying cytogenetics in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia in complete remission undergoing allogeneic transplantation: a Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research study","volume":"18","author":"Armand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.77.6211","article-title":"Outpatient management of fever and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American society of clinical oncology and infectious diseases society of America clinical practice guideline update","volume":"36","author":"Taplitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00496","article-title":"Graft-versus-leukemia effect following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for leukemia","volume":"8","author":"Dickinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.011","article-title":"Inhibiting DNA methylation causes an interferon response in cancer via dsRNA including endogenous retroviruses","volume":"162","author":"Chiappinelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-017-0168-z","article-title":"The double-edged sword of (re)expression of genes by hypomethylating agents: from viral mimicry to exploitation as priming agents for targeted immune checkpoint modulation","volume":"15","author":"Wolff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2015.140996","article-title":"Clinical activity of azacitidine in patients who relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"101","author":"Craddock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2009.222","article-title":"Efficacy of a 3-day, low-dose treatment with 5-azacytidine followed by donor lymphocyte infusions in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia relapsed after allografting","volume":"45","author":"Lubbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2015.10","article-title":"5-Azacytidine and DLI can induce long-term remissions in AML patients relapsed after allograft","volume":"50","author":"Steinmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.12.016","article-title":"Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with azacitidine and donor lymphocyte infusions\u2014a retrospective multicenter analysis from the German Cooperative Transplant Study Group","volume":"21","author":"Schroeder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2011.210","article-title":"Durable complete remission after single agent decitabine in AML relapsing in extramedullary sites after allo-SCT","volume":"47","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.256","article-title":"Azacitidine in the treatment of extramedullary relapse of AML after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"48","author":"Antar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0615","article-title":"Low dose decitabine treatment induces CD80 expression in cancer cells and stimulates tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2015.1017198","article-title":"Immunomodulatory action of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor SGI-110 in epithelial ovarian cancer cells and xenografts","volume":"10","author":"Srivastava","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1808777","article-title":"Immune escape of relapsed AML cells after allogeneic transplantation","volume":"379","author":"Christopher","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.11.026","article-title":"Check-point inhibitors before and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant: the double-edge sword","volume":"25","author":"Oran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.08.028","article-title":"Significant risk of graft-versus-host disease with exposure to checkpoint inhibitors before and after allogeneic transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Ijaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2017.78","article-title":"Severe acute GvHD following administration of ipilimumab for early relapse of AML after haploidentical stem cell transplantation","volume":"52","author":"Gros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e480","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30114-0","article-title":"Idarubicin, cytarabine, and nivolumab in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome: a single-arm, phase 2 study","volume":"6","author":"Ravandi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1702659","article-title":"Extramedullary relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for haematological malignancy","volume":"26","author":"Chong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2012.12.002","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of isolated extramedullary relapse in acute leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a single-center analysis","volume":"37","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2014.03.030","article-title":"Extramedullary relapse of acute leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: different characteristics between acute myelogenous leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"20","author":"Ge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/ajco.12058","article-title":"Is extramedullary relapse of acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation associated with improved survival?","volume":"9","author":"Curley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2012.05.010","article-title":"Extramedullary relapse of acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an easily overlooked but significant pattern of relapse","volume":"18","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4642","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.04.036","article-title":"Revised recommendations of the international working group for diagnosis, standardization of response criteria, treatment outcomes, and reporting standards for therapeutic trials in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"21","author":"Cheson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.54.5095","article-title":"Brachial plexus involvement of myeloid sarcoma detected by reconstruction magnetic resonance neurography","volume":"54","author":"Sugiyama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Blood Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0268960X20301235?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0268960X20301235?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T20:28:33Z","timestamp":1759436913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0268960X20301235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":136,"alternative-id":["S0268960X20301235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773","relation":{},"ISSN":["0268-960X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0268-960X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Myeloid sarcoma, chloroma, or extramedullary acute myeloid leukemia tumor: A tale of misnomers, controversy and the unresolved","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Blood Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100773","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100773"}}