{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:12:39Z","timestamp":1778652759822,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,21]],"date-time":"2020-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584748800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":355,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006466","name":"Cleveland State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006466","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1S10OD025252-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S10OD025252-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioorganic &amp; Medicinal Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T05:28:19Z","timestamp":1551072499000},"page":"1517-1528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lead optimization of selective tubulin inhibitors as anti-trypanosomal agents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Anran","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cody M.","family":"Orahoske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittny","family":"Schnur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abboud","family":"Sabbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bibo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5733","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112642","article-title":"The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"309","author":"Berriman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.14.8.939","article-title":"Novel antitrypanosomal agents","volume":"14","author":"Steverding","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/83.4.288","article-title":"Studies with RP 56976 (taxotere): a semisynthetic analogue of taxol","volume":"83","author":"Ringel","year":"1991","journal-title":"JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(01)00382-2","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo suppression of growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by albendazole","volume":"165","author":"Pourgholami","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.53.1.629","article-title":"The cytoskeleton of trypanosomatid parasites","volume":"53","author":"Gull","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0030","article-title":"Tracking the biogenesis and inheritance of subpellicular microtubule in Trypanosoma brucei with inducible YFP-\u03b1-tubulin","author":"Sheriff","year":"20142014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2174\/1389557023405648","article-title":"Tubulin as an antiprotozoal drug target","volume":"2","author":"Werbovetz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2016.06.031","article-title":"Novel drug design for Chagas disease via targeting Trypanosoma cruzi tubulin: homology modeling and binding pocket prediction on Trypanosoma cruzi tubulin polymerization inhibition by naphthoquinone derivatives","volume":"24","author":"Ogindo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00417868","article-title":"Unusual distribution of tubulin isoforms in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis","volume":"281","author":"Jackson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.07.038","article-title":"Identification of a \u03ba-opioid agonist as a potent and selective lead for drug development against human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"80","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00f6hler P. The biochemical basis of anthelmintic action and resistance. 2001.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00131-X"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.9.2086","article-title":"Antiprotozoal activities of benzimidazoles and correlations with beta-tubulin sequence","volume":"38","author":"Katiyar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(88)90175-0","article-title":"The role of the cytoskeletal protein, tubulin, in the mode of action and mechanism of drug resistance to benzimidazoles","volume":"18","author":"Lacey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4894(02)00016-4","article-title":"Plasmodium: assessment of the antimalarial potential of trifluralin and related compounds using a rat model of malaria, Rattus norvegicus","volume":"100","author":"Dow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol."},{"issue":"4971","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2392684","article-title":"Inhibition of leishmanias but not host macrophages by the antitubulin herbicide trifluralin","volume":"249","author":"Chan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science (80-)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.64.6.1325","article-title":"Selective antimicrotubule activity of N1-phenyl-3, 5-dinitro-N4, N4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide (GB-II-5) against kinetoplastid parasites","volume":"64","author":"Werbovetz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01291","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01291-15","article-title":"Sphingosine kinase regulates microtubule dynamics and organelle positioning necessary for proper G1\/S cell cycle transition in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"6","author":"Pasternack","year":"2015","journal-title":"MBio."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2012.07.023","article-title":"Identification of selective tubulin inhibitors as potential anti-trypanosomal agents","volume":"22","author":"Lama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/843748","article-title":"Comparative analyses of the \u03b2-tubulin gene and molecular modeling reveal molecular insight into the colchicine resistance in kinetoplastids organisms","volume":"2013","author":"Luis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146289","article-title":"Orally active and selective tubulin inhibitors as anti-trypanosome agents","volume":"11","author":"Nanavaty","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2017.04.009","article-title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of selective tubulin inhibitors as anti-trypanosomal agents","volume":"25","author":"Bobba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorganic Med Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620080607","article-title":"Determination of octanol\/water partition coefficients for hydrophobic organic chemicals with the \u201cslow-stirring\u201d method","volume":"8","author":"De Bruijn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.13005\/msri\/030214","article-title":"Synthesis, determination of partition coefficient and antimicrobial activity of triazole thiadiazinyl bromocoumarin derivatives","volume":"3","author":"Jayshree","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mat Sci Res Ind."}],"container-title":["Bioorganic &amp; Medicinal Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0968089618318984?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0968089618318984?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T01:01:30Z","timestamp":1760835690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0968089618318984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0968089618318984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049","relation":{},"ISSN":["0968-0896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0968-0896","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lead optimization of selective tubulin inhibitors as anti-trypanosomal agents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.02.049","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}