{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T05:29:55Z","timestamp":1775626195046,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T01:58:50Z","timestamp":1620611930000},"page":"128099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs by effective dual targeting against the viral and host proteases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Samia A.","family":"Elseginy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahgat","family":"Fayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noura","family":"Mahrous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Almehdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameh","family":"S. M. Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2020","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0005","first-page":"497","article-title":"Novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China","volume":"395","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Zhang, L. Zhou, Y. Yang, W. Peng, W. Wang, X. Chen, Therapeutic and triage strategies for 2019 novel coronavirus disease in fever clinics, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8 (2020) e11-e12.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30071-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G. Li E. De Clercq Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) 19 3 2020 149 150.","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-020-00016-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2020.01020","article-title":"Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus 2019-nCoV","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2020-0035","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and potential vaccines and therapeutics","volume":"11","author":"Amawi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Therapeut Deliv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0030","article-title":"Arbidol: a potential antiviral drug for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 by blocking the trimerization of viral spike glycoprotein?","volume":"105998","author":"Vankadari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13120443","article-title":"FDA-approved drugs with potent in vitro antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2","volume":"13","author":"Mostafa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0040","unstructured":"C.f.D.C.a. Prevention, Coronavirus Disease 2019, CDC, CDC Website 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0045","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drug repurposing for coronavirus (COVID-19): in silico screening of known drugs against coronavirus 3CL hydrolase and protease enzymes","author":"Elmezayen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202000223","article-title":"Drug development and medicinal chemistry efforts toward SARS-coronavirus and Covid-19 therapeutics","volume":"15","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.11.032","article-title":"Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein","author":"Walls","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104742","article-title":"The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade","volume":"176","author":"Coutard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb941","article-title":"The crystal structure of the proprotein processing proteinase furin explains its stringent specificity","volume":"10","author":"Henrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11396","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904493116","article-title":"Protective role for the N-terminal domain of \u03b1-dystroglycan in Influenza A virus proliferation","volume":"116","author":"de Greef","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb3405","article-title":"Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved \u03b1-ketoamide inhibitors","volume":"368","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40244","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA08304F","article-title":"Antiviral agents against COVID-19: structure-based design of specific peptidomimetic inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease","volume":"10","author":"Frecer","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.11.020","article-title":"Genetically engineered cell-derived nanoparticles for targeted breast cancer immunotherapy","volume":"28","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2007.04.041","article-title":"Discovery of structurally diverse HIV-1 integrase inhibitors based on a chalcone pharmacophore","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21475","article-title":"Proteases and protease inhibitors in infectious diseases","volume":"38","author":"Agbowuro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.02.008","article-title":"Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-3-595","article-title":"Conservation of substrate specificities among coronavirus main proteases","volume":"83","author":"Hegyi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2020.127377","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 main protease as drug target","volume":"30","author":"Ullrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32148","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA05679K","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease by phenolic compounds from Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard assisted by metabolite profiling and in silico virtual screening","volume":"10","author":"Abd El-Mordy","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0184-0","article-title":"The role of furin cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated membrane fusion in the presence or absence of trypsin","volume":"5","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transd Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.8b00537","article-title":"Development and testing of druglike screening libraries","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200363080-00004","article-title":"Lopinavir\/ritonavir","volume":"63","author":"Cvetkovic","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001282","article-title":"A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.1c00039","article-title":"Potent Noncovalent inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 from molecular sculpting of the drug perampanel guided by free energy perturbation calculations","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Central Sci"}],"container-title":["Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960894X21003255?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960894X21003255?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T07:41:47Z","timestamp":1760773307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960894X21003255"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0960894X21003255"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-894X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-894X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs by effective dual targeting against the viral and host proteases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmcl.2021.128099","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"128099"}}