{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:19:31Z","timestamp":1777889971709,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T15:06:56Z","timestamp":1774883216000},"page":"130643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Imperfectly amphipathic design of \u03b1-helical antimicrobial peptides demonstrating potent antimicrobial activity with low toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieru","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Fahim","family":"Shahriar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00433-y","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy for inhibition of multi drug-resistant uropathogenic bacteria: a narrative review","volume":"20","author":"Chegini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2021.111682","article-title":"Advances of peptides for antimicrobial applications","volume":"202","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.915368","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptide mimics for clinical use: does size matter?","volume":"13","author":"Svenson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11414","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c00856","article-title":"Ultrashort all-hydrocarbon stapled \u03b1-Helix amphiphile as a potent and stable antimicrobial compound","volume":"66","author":"Shao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2012.07.001","article-title":"Overview on the recent study of antimicrobial peptides: origins, functions, relative mechanisms and application","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4957","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.12.4957-4964.2005","article-title":"Antimicrobial activities and structures of two linear cationic peptide families with various amphipathic beta-sheet and alpha-helical potentials","volume":"49","author":"Jin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2016.02.003","article-title":"Role of amphipathicity and hydrophobicity in the balance between hemolysis and peptide-membrane interactions of three related antimicrobial peptides","volume":"141","author":"Hollmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2006.03.021","article-title":"Alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides \u2013 using a sequence template to guide structure-activity relationship studies","volume":"1758","author":"Zelezetsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22112037","article-title":"Large-scale analysis of antimicrobial activities in relation to amphipathicity and charge reveals novel characterization of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2010.02.023","article-title":"Structural determinants of host defense peptides for antimicrobial activity and target cell selectivity","volume":"92","author":"Takahashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2012.01.016","article-title":"Charge distribution and imperfect amphipathicity affect pore formation by antimicrobial peptides","volume":"1818","author":"Mihajlovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18636","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M709154200","article-title":"Origin of low mammalian cell toxicity in a class of highly active antimicrobial amphipathic helical peptides","volume":"283","author":"Hawrani","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12316","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M413406200","article-title":"Rational design of alpha-helical antimicrobial peptides with enhanced activities and specificity\/therapeutic index","volume":"280","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0285.2011.01086.x","volume":"77","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Drug Des."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19561","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.4c01855","article-title":"Development of \u03b1-helical antimicrobial peptides with imperfect amphipathicity for superior activity and selectivity","volume":"67","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3011.1997.tb01469.x","article-title":"Structure-antitumor and hemolytic activity relationships of synthetic peptides derived from cecropin a-magainin 2 and cecropin a-melittin hybrid peptides","volume":"50","author":"Shin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pept. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.05.050","article-title":"Response of cecropin transgenesis to challenge with edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus","volume":"126","author":"Abass","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2017.05.010","article-title":"Melittin, a major peptide component of bee venom, and its conjugates in cancer therapy","volume":"402","author":"Rady","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0095","first-page":"504","article-title":"Antimicrobial, antitumor and hemolytic activities of alpha-helical antibiotic peptide, p18 and its analogs","volume":"58","author":"Shin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pept. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0100","first-page":"48","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: mechanism of action, activity and clinical potential","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10946","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.6b00922","article-title":"Insights into the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of engineered alpha-helical peptide amphiphiles","volume":"59","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.08.043","article-title":"Design of imperfectly amphipathic \u03b1-helical antimicrobial peptides with enhanced cell selectivity","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0115","article-title":"Design of an alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide with improved cell-selective and potent anti-biofilm activity","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9459","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.17.9459","article-title":"Cation-\u03c0 interactions in structural biology","volume":"96","author":"Gallivan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10566","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.20.10566","article-title":"Cation-\u03c0 interactions in aromatics of biological and medicinal interest: electrostatic potential surfaces as a useful qualitative guide","volume":"93","author":"Mecozzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00925-06","article-title":"Role of peptide hydrophobicity in the mechanism of action of \u03b1-helical antimicrobial peptides","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06321-9","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptide biological activity, delivery systems and clinical translation status and challenges","volume":"23","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4625","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00280-12","article-title":"Characterization of polymyxin b-induced nephrotoxicity: implications for dosing regimen design","volume":"56","author":"Abdelraouf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.563030","article-title":"D- and unnatural amino acid substituted antimicrobial peptides with improved proteolytic resistance and their proteolytic degradation characteristics","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960894X26001101?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960894X26001101?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:25:27Z","timestamp":1777613127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960894X26001101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0960894X26001101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-894X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-894X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Imperfectly amphipathic design of \u03b1-helical antimicrobial peptides demonstrating potent antimicrobial activity with low toxicity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmcl.2026.130643","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"130643"}}