{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:22:15Z","timestamp":1788470535696,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Body Image"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T19:02:43Z","timestamp":1787252563000},"page":"102168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Muscle dysmorphia among Brazilian gender-expansive individuals and transgender men: Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Maur\u00edcio","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscila Figueiredo","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro L\u00facio de","family":"Oliveira J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Henrique","family":"Berbert de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2020.1814968","article-title":"Muscle dysmorphia: What about transgender people?","volume":"24","author":"Amodeo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Culture, Health and Sexuality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib3","article-title":"Crit\u00e9rio de Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o Econ\u00f4mica Brasil 2022 [Brazil\u2019 2022 Economic Classification Criteria]","author":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira D\u00e9lel\u0151tt Empresas D\u00e9lel\u0151tt Pesquisa"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1590\/0047-2085000000418","article-title":"Muscle dysmorphia predictors among sexual and gender minority Brazilian men","volume":"72","author":"Bai\u00e3o","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.256","article-title":"Overall fit in covariance structure models: Two types of sample size effects","volume":"107","author":"Bollen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib6","article-title":"Sintese \u0301 de indicadores sociais: uma analise das condi\u00e7\u00f5es de vida da popula\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira [Synthesis of social indicators: analysis of the living conditions of the Brazilian population]","author":"Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030087","article-title":"An examination of the psychometric properties of Brazilian Portuguese translations of the Drive for Muscularity Scale, the Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, and the Masculine Body Ideal Distress Scale","volume":"14","author":"Campana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychology of Men & Masculinity"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701301834","article-title":"Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5045","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-812320212611.3.28532019","article-title":"Impact of minority stress in depressive symptoms, suicide ideation and suicide attempt in trans persons","volume":"26","author":"Chinazzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia & Sa\u00fade Coletiva"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib10","article-title":"Tradu\u00e7\u00e3o e valida\u00e7\u00e3o das vers\u00f5es brasileiras de tr\u00eas instrumentos de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da imagem corporal em mulheres universit\u00e1rias [Translation and validation of Brazilian versions of three body image assessment instruments in university women","author":"Claumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Doctoral dissertation, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC] UDESC Theses and Dissertations Library"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"112","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-022-00618-6","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among gender-expansive people","volume":"10","author":"Compte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915373","article-title":"A comparison of diagonal weighted least squares robust estimation techniques for ordinal data","volume":"21","author":"DiStefano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-025-01233-x","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of muscle dysmorphia in a sample of boys and men in Canada and the United States","volume":"13","author":"Ganson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1037\/men0000307","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory among physically active Brazilian college men","volume":"21","author":"Gomes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychology of Men & Masculinities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib16","article-title":"Observat\u00f3rio 2023 de Mortes Violentas de LGBT+ no Brasil [Observatory 2023 of Violent Deaths of LGBT+ in Brazil]","author":"Grupo Gay da Bahia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Grupo Gay da Bahia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2025.101862","article-title":"Examining the reciprocal associations of muscularity bias internalization with muscularity-oriented disordered eating, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, and eating-related psychosocial impairment in Chinese adults","volume":"53","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029597","article-title":"A conceptual framework for clinical work with transgender and gender nonconforming clients: An adaptation of the Minority Stress Model","volume":"43","author":"Hendricks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Professional Psychology: Research and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2004.01.001","article-title":"Muscularity concerns among men: Development of attitudinal and perceptual measures","volume":"1","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"404","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478722","article-title":"A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values","volume":"83","author":"Little","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2024.101798","article-title":"Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among transgender women","volume":"51","author":"Nagata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-021-00442-4","article-title":"Community norms of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among gender minority populations","volume":"9","author":"Nagata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2022.05.001","article-title":"Psychometric validation of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among US transgender men","volume":"42","author":"Nagata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2022.02.003","article-title":"Validation of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) in Brazilian women","volume":"41","author":"Nagata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23708","article-title":"Appearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements, eating disorders, and muscle dysmorphia among gender minority people","volume":"55","author":"Nagata","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2023.07.005","article-title":"Testing the longitudinal relationship between muscle dysmorphia symptoms and suicidality: A network analysis investigation","volume":"46","author":"Ortiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1177\/0011000012445176","article-title":"Handling item-level missing data","volume":"41","author":"Parent","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Counseling Psychologist"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-81232015218.14362015","article-title":"Difficulties experienced by trans people in accessing the Unified Health System","volume":"21","author":"Rocon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia & Sa\u00fade Coletiva"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20020989","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of the Drive for Muscularity Scale and the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory among Brazilian Cisgender Gay and Bisexual Adult Men","volume":"20","author":"Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2018.08.014","article-title":"Translation and validation of body image instruments: Challenges, good practice guidelines, and reporting recommendations for test adaptation","volume":"31","author":"Swami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000081","article-title":"Development of the gender minority stress and resilience measure","volume":"2","author":"Testa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S97404","article-title":"Muscle dysmorphia: Current insights","volume":"9","author":"Tod","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychology Research and Behavior Management"}],"container-title":["Body Image"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1740144526001427?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1740144526001427?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:48:48Z","timestamp":1788468528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1740144526001427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S1740144526001427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168","relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-1445"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-1445","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Muscle dysmorphia among Brazilian gender-expansive individuals and transgender men: Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Body Image","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bodyim.2026.102168","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102168"}}