{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:15:31Z","timestamp":1791224131045,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bone"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,30]],"date-time":"2004-07-30T01:37:42Z","timestamp":1091151462000},"page":"806-816","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Stress fracture injury in young military men and women"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"David W.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John-Paul H.","family":"Rue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Wilckens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank J.","family":"Frassica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199112030-00004","article-title":"Mechanisms of exercise-induced muscle fibre injury","volume":"12","author":"Armstrong","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972640","article-title":"Physical performance and metabolic recovery among lean, healthy men following a prolonged energy deficit","volume":"18","author":"Nindl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.57.030195.001203","article-title":"Regulation of glucose fluxes during exercise in the postabsorptive state","volume":"57","author":"Wasserman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB4","unstructured":"Breithaupt J. Zur pathologie des menschlichen fuses. Med Ztg Berlin 1855;24:169\u201371, 175\u201377."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-10-754","article-title":"Low bone density is an etiologic factor for stress fractures in athletes","volume":"113","author":"Myburgh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/147.4.285","article-title":"Stress fracture\u2014A preventable training injury","volume":"147","author":"Scully","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mil. Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(00)00342-2","article-title":"Stress fracture in military recruits: gender differences in muscle and bone susceptibility factors","volume":"27","author":"Beck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/147.10.861","article-title":"Stress fractures of the foot in female soldiers: a two-year survey","volume":"147","author":"Black","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mil. Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759060-00017","article-title":"Stress fractures in men and women undergoing military training","volume":"59A","author":"Protzman","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(91)90379-2","article-title":"Determinants of the mechanical properties of bones","volume":"24","author":"Martin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biomech"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009797","article-title":"Use of simple measures of physical activity to predict stress fractures in young men undergoing a rigorous physical training program","volume":"149","author":"Shaffer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198806000-00028","article-title":"An analysis of the biomechanical mechanism of tibial stress fractures among Israeli infantry recruits. A prospective study","volume":"231","author":"Milgrom","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1971.31.6.834","article-title":"Muscle glycogen utilization during prolonged exercise on successive days","volume":"31","author":"Costill","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00999931","article-title":"Leg muscle metabolism during exercise in the heat and cold","volume":"34","author":"Fink","year":"1975","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900493","article-title":"A 12-month prospective study of the relationship between stress fractures and bone turnover in athletes","volume":"63","author":"Bennell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02344212","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of fatigue-related foot injury mechanisms in athletes and recruits during intensive marching","volume":"40","author":"Gefen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198703000-00020","article-title":"External rotation of the hip. A predictor of risk for stress fractures","volume":"216","author":"Giladi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1025644","article-title":"Fatigue during stretch-shortening cycle exercises: changes in mechanical performance of human skeletal muscle","volume":"8","author":"Gollhofer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1114\/1.284","article-title":"Fatigue-related loading imbalance on the shank in running: a possible factor in stress fractures","volume":"28","author":"Mizrahi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng"},{"issue":"1 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17S","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00376-2","article-title":"Estimation of various mechanical characteristics of human bones using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: methodology and precision","volume":"18","author":"Sievanen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650110512","article-title":"Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry derived structural geometry for stress fracture prediction in male U.S. Marine Corps recruits","volume":"11","author":"Beck","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199928020-00004","article-title":"Risk factors for stress fractures","volume":"28","author":"Bennell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199700250-00009","article-title":"Bone, exercise, and stress fractures","volume":"25","author":"Burr","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxf011","article-title":"Prevention of lower extremity stress fractures in athletes and soldiers: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Jones","year":"2002","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(00)00390-2","article-title":"Dual X-ray absorptiometry total body bone mineral content and bone mineral density in 18- to 22-year-old Caucasian men","volume":"27","author":"Armstrong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.01.021","article-title":"Bone mineral density and total body bone mineral content in 18- to 22-year-old women","volume":"34","author":"Drake","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(89)90219-4","article-title":"Scaling of long bone fracture strength with animal mass","volume":"22","author":"Selker","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB28","series-title":"Eating Disorder Inventory\u20142. Professional Manual","author":"Garner","year":"1991"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333110-00004","article-title":"Effects of the menstrual cycle on exercise performance","volume":"33","author":"Janse de Jonge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0161m.x","article-title":"The influence of menstrual cycle phase on skeletal muscle contractile characteristics in humans","volume":"530","author":"Janse de Jonge","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.1.19","article-title":"Short-term effects of a progestational contraceptive drug on food intake, resting energy expenditure, and body weight in young women","volume":"73","author":"Pelkman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500107","article-title":"Stress fractures in athletes. A study of 320 cases","volume":"15","author":"Matheson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/148.8.666","article-title":"Stress fractures in 295 trainees: a one-year study of incidence as related to age, sex, and race","volume":"148","author":"Brudvig","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mil. Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/02640418708729773","article-title":"Bone dynamics: stress, strain and fracture","volume":"5","author":"Martin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Sports Sci"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(89)90226-1","article-title":"The area moment of inertia of the tibia: a risk factor for stress fractures","volume":"22","author":"Milgrom","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198908000-00040","article-title":"The effect of pretraining sports activity on the incidence of stress fractures among military recruits. A prospective study","volume":"245","author":"Swissa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280021701","article-title":"Using bone's adaptation ability to lower the incidence of stress fractures","volume":"28","author":"Milgrom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900617","article-title":"Stress fractures. Identifiable risk factors","volume":"19","author":"Giladi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S176","DOI":"10.1139\/h2001-052","article-title":"Physical health of the female athlete: observations, effects, and causes of reproductive disorders","volume":"26","author":"Loucks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can. J. Appl. Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000064935.68277.E7","article-title":"Disordered eating, menstrual irregularity, and bone mineral density in female runners","volume":"35","author":"Cobb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000293","article-title":"Responses of bone turnover markers to repeated endurance running in humans under conditions of energy balance or energy restriction","volume":"83","author":"Zanker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1986.tb08943.x","article-title":"Role of muscles in protecting athletes from injury","volume":"711","author":"Radin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Med. Scand. Suppl"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.67B5.4055871","article-title":"Stress fractures in military recruits. A prospective study showing an unusually high incidence","volume":"67B","author":"Milgrom","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB44","series-title":"A physical training program to reduce musculoskeletal injuries in U.S. Marine Corps recruits. Technical document 97-2B","author":"Almeida","year":"1997"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1114\/1.103","article-title":"Effect of fatiguing exercise on longitudinal bone strain as related to stress fracture in humans","volume":"26","author":"Fyhrie","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.188.1.217","article-title":"The effects of muscle fatigue on bone strain","volume":"188","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00683.2002","article-title":"Physiological, metabolic, and performance implications of a prolonged hill walk: influence of energy intake","volume":"94","author":"Ainslie","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014_BIB48","first-page":"795","article-title":"Water and electrolyte replacement during repeated days of work in the heat","volume":"46","author":"Costill","year":"1975","journal-title":"Aviat. Space Environ. Med"}],"container-title":["Bone"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328204002194?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328204002194?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T20:45:43Z","timestamp":1705178743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S8756328204002194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S8756328204002194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-3282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8756-3282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}