{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T05:30:08Z","timestamp":1771479008362,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bone"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,30]],"date-time":"2011-03-30T16:25:11Z","timestamp":1301502311000},"page":"151-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Decreased bone remodeling and porosity are associated with improved bone strength in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys treated with denosumab, a fully human RANKL antibody"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Kostenuik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan Y.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacquelin","family":"Jolette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Pyrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Ominsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0005","first-page":"359","article-title":"Evidence that bone resorption precedes bone formation at the cellular level","volume":"12","author":"Takahashi","year":"1964","journal-title":"Henry Ford Hosp. Med. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00923-7","article-title":"Intermittent intravenous administration of the bisphosphonate ibandronate prevents bone loss and maintains bone strength and quality in ovariectomized cynomogus monkeys","volume":"32","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650111021","article-title":"Markers of bone resorption predict hip fracture in elderly women: the EPIDOS prospective study","volume":"11","author":"Garnero","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808692","article-title":"Lasofoxifene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"362","author":"Cummings","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4118","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.11.6953","article-title":"Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: the fracture intervention trial","volume":"85","author":"Black","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102013440503","article-title":"Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women","volume":"344","author":"McClung","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.0301243","article-title":"Relationship between changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover and BMD to predict vertebral fracture risk","volume":"19","author":"Sarkar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.6.1051","article-title":"Relationship of early changes in bone resorption to the reduction in fracture risk with risedronate","volume":"18","author":"Eastell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040512","article-title":"Change in bone turnover and hip, non-spine, and vertebral fracture in alendronate-treated women: the fracture intervention trial","volume":"19","author":"Bauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090310","article-title":"Effects of yearly zoledronic acid 5mg on bone turnover markers and relation of PINP with fracture reduction in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"24","author":"Delmas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060915","article-title":"Co-treatment of PTH with osteoprotegerin or alendronate increases its anabolic effect on the skeleton of oophorectomized mice","volume":"22","author":"Samadfam","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1583","article-title":"The RANKL inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG) causes greater suppression of bone resorption and hypercalcemia compared to bisphosphonates in two models of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy","volume":"146","author":"Morony","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.081026","article-title":"Osteoprotegerin abrogated cortical porosity and bone marrow fibrosis in a mouse model of constitutive activation of the PTH\/PTHrP receptor","volume":"174","author":"Ohishi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.0809010","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of denosumab and alendronate on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women with low bone mass: a randomized, blinded, phase 3 trial","volume":"24","author":"Brown","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090716","article-title":"Effects of denosumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women transitioning from alendronate therapy","volume":"25","author":"Kendler","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0809493","article-title":"Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"361","author":"Cummings","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.149","article-title":"Effects of denosumab on bone histomorphometry: the FREEDOM and STAND studies","volume":"25","author":"Reid","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20715","article-title":"Skeletal health: primate model of postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"71","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.04.001","article-title":"Denosumab, a fully human RANKL antibody, reduced bone turnover markers and increased trabecular and cortical bone mass, density and strength in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys","author":"Ominsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650020617","article-title":"Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units","volume":"2","author":"Parfitt","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(93)90081-K","article-title":"Basic biomechanical measurements of bone: a tutorial","volume":"14","author":"Turner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0110","unstructured":"FDA Draft guidelines for preclinical and clinical evaluation of agents used in the prevention or treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/ScienceResearch\/SpecialTopics\/WomensHealthResearch\/UCM131206.pdf. Last accessed August 3, 2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0115","unstructured":"Committee For Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP). Guideline on the evaluation of new medicinal products in the treatment of primary osteoporosis. Rev. 2. European Medicines Agency CPMP\/EWP\/552\/95, 1\u201310."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070809","article-title":"Two-year treatment with denosumab (AMG 162) in a randomized phase 2 study of postmenopausal women with low BMD","volume":"22","author":"Lewiecki","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"S5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0125","first-page":"S159","article-title":"AMG 162, a fully human monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL), rapidly and profoundly suppresses bone resorption in cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"32","author":"Peterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0130","first-page":"25","article-title":"Presence of microscopic cracks in vivo in bone","volume":"8","author":"Frost","year":"1960","journal-title":"Henry Ford Hosp. Med. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0135","article-title":"Bisphosphonate effects on bone turnover, microdamage, and mechanical properties: what we think we know and what we know that we don't know","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0952","article-title":"Severely suppressed bone turnover: a potential complication of alendronate therapy","volume":"90","author":"Odvina","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(98)00103-3","article-title":"Influence of microdamage on fracture toughness of the human femur and tibia","volume":"23","author":"Norman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s12018-008-9015-5","article-title":"Skeletal microdamage: less about biomechanics and more about remodeling","volume":"6","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinic Rev Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-005-1295-x","article-title":"Bone remodeling at the iliac crest can predict the changes in remodeling dynamics, microdamage accumulation, and mechanical properties in the lumbar vertebrae of dogs","volume":"77","author":"Mashiba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.3.534","article-title":"Reductions in bone mass, structure, and strength in axial and appendicular skeletons associated with increased turnover after ovariectomy in mature cynomolgus monkeys and preventative effects of clodronate","volume":"17","author":"Itoh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.07.242","article-title":"Minodronic acid (ONO-5920\/YM529) prevents decrease in bone mineral density and bone strength, and improves bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"43","author":"Mori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/00042192-200209000-00004","article-title":"Effects of raloxifene on bone density, biomarkers, and histomorphometric and biomechanical measures in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys","volume":"9","author":"Lees","year":"2002","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.081112","article-title":"Denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL, inhibits bone resorption and increases BMD in knock-in mice that express chimeric (murine\/human) RANKL","volume":"24","author":"Kostenuik","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090408","article-title":"Bilateral fractures of the femur diaphysis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis on long-term treatment with alendronate: clues to the mechanism of increased bone fragility","volume":"24","author":"Somford","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60320-0","article-title":"Intracortical remodelling and porosity in the distal radius and post-mortem femurs of women: a cross-sectional study","volume":"375","author":"Zebaze","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(97)00173-7","article-title":"The influence of bone morphology on fracture toughness of the human femur and tibia","volume":"21","author":"Yeni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bone"}],"container-title":["Bone"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328211008775?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328211008775?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T16:25:35Z","timestamp":1543854335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S8756328211008775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S8756328211008775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2011.03.769","relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-3282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8756-3282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}}}