{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T09:26:19Z","timestamp":1769765179651,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,1]],"date-time":"2011-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1317427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000862","name":"Doris Duke Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AR044927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR044927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AR056639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR056639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bone"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,26]],"date-time":"2011-07-26T10:24:01Z","timestamp":1311675841000},"page":"799-809","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Variation in childhood skeletal robustness is an important determinant of cortical area in young adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Bhola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. Felipe","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Andarawis-Puri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Ghillani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl J.","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R119","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3056","article-title":"Reduced trabecular bone mineral density and cortical thickness accompanied by increased outer bone circumference in metacarpal bone of rheumatoid arthritis patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Aeberli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1941.02820220007002","article-title":"Post-menopausal osteoporosis. Its clinical features","volume":"116","author":"Albright","year":"1941","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-34-407-683","article-title":"The clinical and radiological problem of thin bones","volume":"34","author":"Nordin","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-008-9073-5","article-title":"Methods for measurement of pediatric bone","volume":"9","author":"Binkley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.12.1814","article-title":"Moderate exercise during growth in prepubertal boys: changes in bone mass, size, volumetric density, and bone strength: a controlled prospective study","volume":"13","author":"Bradney","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.09.015","article-title":"Quantitative genetics of cortical bone mass in healthy 10-year-old children from the Fels Longitudinal Study","volume":"40","author":"Duren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0035","first-page":"358","article-title":"Familial resemblance for bone mineral mass is expressed before puberty","volume":"83","author":"Ferrari","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508314408","article-title":"Section modulus is the optimum geometric predictor for stress fractures and medial tibial stress syndrome in both male and female athletes","volume":"36","author":"Franklyn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0045","series-title":"The earlier gain and the later loss of cortical bone","author":"Garn","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.41","article-title":"Genetically-determined phenotype covariation networks control bone strength","volume":"25","author":"Jepsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-008-9158-1","article-title":"Phenotypic integration of skeletal traits during growth buffers genetic variants affecting the slenderness of femora in inbred mouse strains","volume":"20","author":"Jepsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2319","article-title":"Tracking of bone mass and density during childhood and adolescence","volume":"95","author":"Kalkwarf","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-1-199507010-00003","article-title":"Effect of starting age of physical activity on bone mass in the dominant arm of tennis and squash players","volume":"123","author":"Kannus","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(94)90289-5","article-title":"The site-specific effects of long-term unilateral activity on bone mineral density and content","volume":"15","author":"Kannus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20791","article-title":"A genome wide linkage scan of metacarpal size and geometry in the Framingham Study","volume":"20","author":"Karasik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(00)80077-8","article-title":"Does childhood and adolescence provide a unique opportunity for exercise to strengthen the skeleton?","volume":"3","author":"Khan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091840203","article-title":"Growth of the second metacarpal according to chronological age and skeletal maturation","volume":"184","author":"Kimura","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-1056-1","article-title":"Hip structural geometry and incidence of hip fracture in postmenopausal women: what does it add to conventional bone mineral density?","volume":"21","author":"LaCroix","year":"2010","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198309000-00040","article-title":"Bone mineral content in children with fractures","author":"Landin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-199701000-00003","article-title":"Bias and agreement for radiogrammetric estimates of cortical bone geometry","volume":"32","author":"Lazenby","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.10021","article-title":"Prediction of cross-sectional geometry from metacarpal radiogrammetry: a validation study","volume":"14","author":"Lazenby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2003.12.003","article-title":"Interpretation of whole body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measures in children: comparison with peripheral quantitative computed tomography","volume":"34","author":"Leonard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020114","article-title":"Structural model analysis of multiple quantitative traits","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0120","first-page":"3908","article-title":"Early identification of children predisposed to low peak bone mass and osteoporosis later in life","volume":"85","author":"Loro","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0125","series-title":"Human growth and development","author":"McCammon","year":"1970"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(89)90226-1","article-title":"The area moment of inertia of the tibia: a risk factor for stress fractures","volume":"22","author":"Milgrom","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(96)00263-3","article-title":"Body mass is the primary determinant of midfemoral bone acquisition during adolescent growth","volume":"19","author":"Moro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:4:3:199","article-title":"The metacarpal index revisited: a brief overview","volume":"4","author":"Nielsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090525","article-title":"Inter-individual variation in functionally adapted trait sets is established during post-natal growth and predictable based on bone robusticity","volume":"24","author":"Pandey","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2002.17.3.363","article-title":"A randomized school-based jumping intervention confers site and maturity-specific benefits on bone structural properties in girls: a hip structural analysis study","volume":"17","author":"Petit","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070712","article-title":"Femoral neck BMD is a strong predictor of hip fracture susceptibility in elderly men and women because it detects cortical bone instability: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"22","author":"Rivadeneira","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(03)00161-3","article-title":"Growth in bone strength, body size, and muscle size in a juvenile longitudinal sample","volume":"33","author":"Ruff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250510026535","article-title":"Growth tracking of femoral and humeral strength from infancy through late adolescence","volume":"94","author":"Ruff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330930103","article-title":"Postcranial robusticity in Homo. III: Ontogeny","volume":"93","author":"Ruff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra053077","article-title":"Bone quality\u2014the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility","volume":"354","author":"Seeman","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.5.885","article-title":"Randomized trial of physical activity and calcium supplementation on bone mineral content in 3- to 5-year-old children","volume":"18","author":"Specker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(96)00166-4","article-title":"Adaptation to differential loading: comparison of growth-related changes in cross-sectional properties of the human femur and humerus","volume":"19","author":"Sumner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000005080","article-title":"Genetic and environmental factors in head and face measurements of Belgian twins","volume":"32","author":"Susanne","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.09.004","article-title":"Low width of tubular bones is associated with increased risk of fragility fracture in elderly men\u2014the MINOS study","volume":"38","author":"Szulc","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.071014","article-title":"Biological co-adaptation of morphological and composition traits contributes to mechanical functionality and skeletal fragility","volume":"23","author":"Tommasini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050326","article-title":"Relationship between bone morphology and bone quality in male tibias: implications for stress fracture risk","volume":"20","author":"Tommasini","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.11.015","article-title":"Varying contributions of growth and ageing to racial and sex differences in femoral neck structure and strength in old age","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070329","article-title":"Construction of the femoral neck during growth determines its strength in old age","volume":"22","author":"Zebaze","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"}],"container-title":["Bone"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328211011203?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328211011203?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T09:54:58Z","timestamp":1686218098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S8756328211011203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S8756328211011203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2011.07.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-3282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8756-3282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}}}