{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:51:43Z","timestamp":1783482703149,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006920","name":"University of Pennsylvania","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MDBR-17-116-GLA\/GSD59"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MDBR-17-116-GLA\/GSD59"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bone"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T02:00:23Z","timestamp":1568340023000},"page":"115068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dissecting the mechanisms of bone loss in Gorham-Stout disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Michela","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola Sabrina","family":"Buonuomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Battafarano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Conforti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eda","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Algeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Pelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"D\u2019Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Macchiaiolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"De Vito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela Veronika","family":"Gonfiantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Jenkner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ippolita","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bartuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3848-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Del Fattore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195537050-00008","article-title":"Massive osteolysis (acute spontaneous absorption of bone, phantom bone, disappearing bone); its relation to hemangiomatosis","volume":"37-a","author":"Gorham","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(54)90027-3","article-title":"Disappearing bones: a rare form of massive osteolysis; report of two cases, one with autopsy findings","volume":"17","author":"Gorham","year":"1954","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.02.011","article-title":"Viewpoints on vessels and vanishing bones in Gorham-Stout disease","volume":"63","author":"Dellinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.3.2.65","article-title":"Gorham\u2019s disease or massive osteolysis","volume":"3","author":"Patel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1200308","article-title":"Gorham-Stout syndrome in mainland China: a case series of 67 patients and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1148\/71.1.28","article-title":"Observations on massive osteolysis; a review of the literature and report of a case","volume":"71","author":"Johnson","year":"1958","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i5.694","article-title":"Vanishing bone disease (Gorham-Stout syndrome): a review of a rare entity","volume":"5","author":"Nikolaou","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Orthop."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.1.208","article-title":"Chylothorax in Gorham\u2019s syndrome. A common complication of a rare disease","volume":"105","author":"Tie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0045","first-page":"292","article-title":"Gorham\u2019s massive osteolysis of the mandible - a progressive radiographic presentation","volume":"38","author":"Raghuveer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.135.5.1084","article-title":"Massive osteolysis in an infant","volume":"135","author":"Abrahams","year":"1980","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199411000-00027","article-title":"CT and MRI of massive osteolysis of Gorham","volume":"18","author":"Assoun","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-198702000-00022","article-title":"Comparative imaging. Massive osteolysis (Gorham\u2019s syndrome, disappearing bone disease)","volume":"12","author":"Marymont","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin. Nucl. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02012145","article-title":"Gorham\u2019s disease involving the thoracic skeleton. Plain films and CT in two cases","volume":"23","author":"Mitchell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050306","article-title":"Gorham\u2019s disease of the radius: radiographic, scintigraphic, and MRI findings with pathologic correlation. A case report and review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Spieth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196951080-00017","article-title":"Sequential roentgenographic changes occurring in massive osteolysis","volume":"51","author":"Torg","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(83)90185-8","article-title":"Perspectives on massive osteolysis. Report of a case and review of the literature","volume":"55","author":"Heffez","year":"1983","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2013.210","article-title":"First international conference on generalized lymphatic anomaly and gorham-stout syndrome","author":"Dellinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"IBMS Bonekey"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20040174","article-title":"Role of cytokines in cardiovascular diseases: a focus on endothelial responses to inflammation","volume":"108","author":"Kofler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1089\/107999099314234","article-title":"Human endothelium as a source of multifunctional cytokines: molecular regulation and possible role in human disease","volume":"19","author":"Krishnaswamy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0100","first-page":"1893","article-title":"Interleukin-6: a potential mediator of the massive osteolysis in patients with Gorham-Stout disease","volume":"81","author":"Devlin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20465","article-title":"VEGF-A stimulates lymphangiogenesis and hemangiogenesis in inflammatory neovascularization via macrophage recruitment","volume":"113","author":"Cursiefen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-824X-4-15","article-title":"Deciphering the roles of macrophages in developmental and inflammation stimulated lymphangiogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Harvey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vasc Cell."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23874","article-title":"Inflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis in the cornea arises from CD11b-positive macrophages","volume":"115","author":"Maruyama","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2008.06.005","article-title":"VEGF enhancement of osteoclast survival and bone resorption involves VEGF receptor-2 signaling and beta3-integrin","volume":"27","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5232","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902501","article-title":"Production of vascular endothelial growth factors from human lung macrophages induced by group IIA and group X secreted phospholipases A2","volume":"184","author":"Granata","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(90)90215-K","article-title":"An investigation of vanishing bone disease","volume":"11","author":"Dickson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.3.2.83","article-title":"A case of Gorham\u2019s disease with chylothorax treated curatively with radiation therapy","volume":"3","author":"Duffy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Med. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90968-2","article-title":"Gorham\u2019s massive osteolysis: the role of radiation therapy and a review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Dunbar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.01.006","article-title":"Radiation therapy for Gorham-Stout syndrome: results of a national patterns-of-care study and literature review","volume":"81","author":"Heyd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-010-1051-9","article-title":"Gorham-Stout disease: the experience of the Rizzoli Institute and review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"Ruggieri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2009.12.007","article-title":"Use of zoledronic acid in the treatment of Gorham\u2019s disease","volume":"74","author":"Avelar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq331","article-title":"First report of effective and feasible treatment of multifocal lymphangiomatosis (Gorham-Stout) with bevacizumab in a child","volume":"21","author":"Grunewald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2005.04.007","article-title":"Treatment of Gorham\u2019s disease with zoledronic acid","volume":"41","author":"Mignogna","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22869","article-title":"Propranolol as a treatment option in Gorham-Stout syndrome: a case report","volume":"49","author":"Nir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"issue":"9094","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)63639-2","article-title":"Alpha-2b interferon and oral clodronate for Gorham\u2019s disease","volume":"350","author":"Hagberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001009","article-title":"Gorham-stout syndrome: a phantom bone disease treated with bisphosphonates","author":"Elera-Fitzcarrald","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-014-2780-2","article-title":"Gorham-Stout disease: radiological, histological, and clinical features of 12 cases and review of literature","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1805","article-title":"Standardized nomenclature, symbols, and units for bone histomorphometry: a 2012 update of the report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee","volume":"28","author":"Dempster","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2005.036673","article-title":"Clinical, genetic, and cellular analysis of 49 osteopetrotic patients: implications for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"43","author":"Del Fattore","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-175-2_7","article-title":"PANTHER pathway: an ontology-based pathway database coupled with data analysis tools","volume":"563","author":"Mi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00915-8","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and interleukin-11 support human osteoclast formation by a RANKL-independent mechanism","volume":"32","author":"Kudo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02256101","article-title":"Interleukin-6 increases vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(88)90106-8","article-title":"Osteoclastic bone resorption: in vitro analysis of the rate of resorption and migration of individual osteoclasts","volume":"9","author":"Kanehisa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5001","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209299200","article-title":"PTEN regulates RANKL- and osteopontin-stimulated signal transduction during osteoclast differentiation and cell motility","volume":"278","author":"Sugatani","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.35406","article-title":"PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome and Gorham-Stout phenomenon","volume":"158a","author":"Hopman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.12.035","article-title":"The X-Linked-Intellectual-Disability-Associated ubiquitin ligase Mid2 interacts with Astrin and regulates astrin levels to promote cell division","volume":"14","author":"Gholkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/09687680010026313","volume":"18","author":"Ritzel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Membr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00744","article-title":"Kctd9 deficiency impairs natural killer cell development and effector function","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14006","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2014.6","article-title":"LRP6 in mesenchymal stem cells is required for bone formation during bone growth and bone remodeling","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2599","article-title":"Wnt signaling inhibits osteoclast differentiation by activating canonical and noncanonical cAMP\/PKA pathways","volume":"31","author":"Weivoda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.09.003","article-title":"Innate immunity in human bone","volume":"38","author":"Warnke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930701693180","article-title":"Osteoclasts - the innate immune cells of the bone","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autoimmunity."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2008.07.005","article-title":"MMP-1 (collagenase-1) and MMP-13 (collagenase-3) differentially regulate markers of osteoblastic differentiation in osteogenic cells","volume":"27","author":"Hayami","year":"2008","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38716","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.373159","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) directly and indirectly promotes tumor angiogenesis","volume":"287","author":"Kudo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1646","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-13 is required for osteocytic perilacunar remodeling and maintains bone fracture resistance","volume":"27","author":"Tang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.04.032","article-title":"Osteocyte lacunae tissue strain in cortical bone","volume":"39","author":"Nicolella","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02279101","article-title":"Osteocytic osteolysis","volume":"4","author":"Belanger","year":"1969","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.05.005","article-title":"RELAXIN enhances differentiation and matrix mineralization through Relaxin\/insulin-like family peptide receptor 2 (Rxfp2) in MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro","volume":"65","author":"Duarte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2012.07.006","article-title":"Relaxin induces matrix-metalloproteinases-9 and -13 via RXFP1: induction of MMP-9 involves the PI3K, ERK, Akt and PKC-zeta pathways","volume":"363","author":"Ahmad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1590\/2359-3997000000178","article-title":"Genetics of osteoporosis: searching for candidate genes for bone fragility","volume":"60","author":"Rocha-Braz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18709","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.30.18709","article-title":"Characterization of epiphycan, a small proteoglycan with a leucine-rich repeat core protein","volume":"272","author":"Johnson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2728-2","article-title":"Microarray expression profiling identifies genes with altered expression in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis","volume":"22","author":"Fendri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.345","article-title":"Sclerostin is a locally acting regulator of late-osteoblast\/preosteocyte differentiation and regulates mineralization through a MEPE-ASARM-dependent mechanism","volume":"26","author":"Atkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.05.023","article-title":"Sclerostin promotes the apoptosis of human osteoblastic cells: a novel regulation of bone formation","volume":"35","author":"Sutherland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6267","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg599","article-title":"Osteocyte control of bone formation via sclerostin, a novel BMP antagonist","volume":"22","author":"Winkler","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025900","article-title":"Sclerostin stimulates osteocyte support of osteoclast activity by a RANKL-dependent pathway","volume":"6","author":"Wijenayaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3487","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419714112","article-title":"Lrp4 in osteoblasts suppresses bone formation and promotes osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption","volume":"112","author":"Xiong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22175","article-title":"Impaired skeletal development in interleukin-6-transgenic mice: a model for the impact of chronic inflammation on the growing skeletal system","volume":"54","author":"De Benedetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.03.001","article-title":"Sclerostin stimulates angiogenesis in human endothelial cells","volume":"101","author":"Oranger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34323","article-title":"VEGF-C promotes the development of lymphatics in bone and bone loss","volume":"7","author":"Hominick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Elife."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041113","article-title":"Gorham-Stout disease--stabilization during bisphosphonate treatment","volume":"20","author":"Hammer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v47i4.2406","article-title":"Sirolimus on gorham-stout disease. Case report","volume":"47","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Colomb. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.17.00287","article-title":"Sirolimus therapy as perioperative treatment of gorham-stout disease in the thoracic spine: a case report","volume":"8","author":"Mo","year":"2018","journal-title":"JBJS Case Connect."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.4065\/83.9.1032","article-title":"Bisphosphonates: mechanism of action and role in clinical practice","volume":"83","author":"Drake","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-014-0109-y","article-title":"Bisphosphonate therapy in pediatric patients","volume":"13","author":"Eghbali-Fatourechi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X18775936","article-title":"The clinical potential of romosozumab for the prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis","volume":"10","author":"Solling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."}],"container-title":["Bone"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328219303618?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328219303618?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T03:40:09Z","timestamp":1762659609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S8756328219303618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["S8756328219303618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068","relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-3282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8756-3282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dissecting the mechanisms of bone loss in Gorham-Stout disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bone","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115068","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115068"}}