{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:08:19Z","timestamp":1778944099881,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779408000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":263,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AR073157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AR073157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21HD102026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HD102026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bone"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T11:20:15Z","timestamp":1747480815000},"page":"117519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bone mineral density deficits in individuals born preterm persist through young adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of DXA studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Brittany M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam B.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Kraemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakhee","family":"Bowker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aloka L.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. Rick","family":"Sumner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.062554","article-title":"The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: a systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity","volume":"88","author":"Beck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-023-06208-1","article-title":"From premature birth to premature kidney disease: does accelerated aging play a role?","volume":"39","author":"Sanderson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2017.11.005","article-title":"Mineral homeostasis and effects on bone mineralization in the preterm neonate","volume":"45","author":"Karpen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Perinatol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060516","article-title":"Peak bone mass after exposure to antenatal betamethasone and prematurity: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Dalziel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0025","article-title":"The long-term impact of very preterm birth on adult bone mineral density","volume":"10","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00143","article-title":"Metabolic bone disease of prematurity: diagnosis and management","volume":"7","author":"Faienza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607113499590","article-title":"Metabolic bone disease: a continued challenge in extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"38","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.150450","article-title":"Preterm birth: risk factor for early-onset chronic diseases","volume":"188","author":"Luu","year":"2016","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0045","first-page":"498","article-title":"Preterm birth and its long-term effects: methylation to mechanisms","volume":"3","author":"Parets","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120208","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1120208","article-title":"Editorial: developmental origins of health and disease: impact of preterm birth","volume":"10","author":"Rogers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedneo.2024.06.007","article-title":"Long-term effects on growth in preterm and small for gestational age infants: a national birth cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neonatol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.13081","article-title":"Growth patterns by birth size of preterm children born at 24-29 gestational weeks for the first 3years","volume":"38","author":"Fenton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4161-5","article-title":"Feasibility of quantitative ultrasonography for the detection of metabolic bone disease in preterm infants - systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Tong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Radiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4498","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1716","article-title":"Health profile of young adults born preterm: negative effects of rapid weight gain in early life","volume":"97","author":"Kerkhof","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"9363","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12895-4","article-title":"Low nutrient intake and early growth for later insulin resistance in adolescents born preterm","volume":"361","author":"Singhal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-001230","article-title":"Extremely low birth weight and accelerated biological aging","volume":"147","author":"Van Lieshout","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/gm500","article-title":"Analysis of epigenetic changes in survivors of preterm birth reveals the effect of gestational age and evidence for a long term legacy","volume":"5","author":"Cruickshank","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22475","article-title":"Association of low birth weight and preterm birth with the incidence of knee and hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis","volume":"67","author":"Hussain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0095","article-title":"PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20955","article-title":"Body composition and its components in preterm and term newborns: a cross-sectional, multimodal investigation","volume":"22","author":"Ahmad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3827","article-title":"Peak bone mass and bone microarchitecture in adults born with low birth weight preterm or at term: a cohort study","volume":"102","author":"Balasuriya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70231-2","article-title":"Follow-up of school-age children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"130","author":"Giacoia","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670100630","article-title":"Hypercalciuria in ex-preterm children, aged 7-8 years","volume":"16","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.12.2298","article-title":"Total body bone mineral content and tibial cortical bone measures in preschool children","volume":"16","author":"Specker","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00596-8","article-title":"Lower femoral neck bone mineral density in prepubertal former preterm girls","volume":"29","author":"Zamora","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0573","article-title":"Preterm birth does not affect bone mineral density in young adults","volume":"164","author":"Breukhoven","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2019-000481","article-title":"Comparison of physical activity and body composition in a cohort of children born extremely preterm or with extremely low birth weight to matched term-born controls: a follow-up study","volume":"3","author":"Engan","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1159\/000450882","article-title":"Body composition in very preterm infants: role of neonatal characteristics and nutrition in achieving growth similar to term infants","volume":"111","author":"Tremblay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0160","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.486","article-title":"Fixed- and random-effects models in meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Hedges","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0170","series-title":"Introduction to meta-analysis","author":"Borenstein","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0175","series-title":"Compresnesive meta-anatysis","author":"Borenstein","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0180","series-title":"Common mistakes in meta-analysis and how to avoid them","author":"Borenstein","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12","article-title":"A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Borenstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res. Synth. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0190","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","volume":"2","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193","article-title":"Assessing heterogeneity in meta-analysis: q statistic or I2 index?","volume":"11","author":"Huedo-Medina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010247","article-title":"Plea for routinely presenting prediction intervals in meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"IntHout","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(01)00291-0","article-title":"Increments in whole body bone mineral content associated with weight and length in pre-term and full-term infants during the first 6 months of life","volume":"32","author":"Avila-D\u00edaz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0220","first-page":"5","article-title":"A survey of bone mineral content and density in full-term and preterm infants","volume":"10","author":"Chiang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Neonatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13031005","article-title":"Bone mineral density, body composition, and metabolic health of very low birth weight infants fed in hospital following current macronutrient recommendations during the first 3 years of life","volume":"13","author":"Mihatsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2014.03.001","article-title":"Bone densitometry by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in preterm newborns compared with full-term peers in the first six months of life","volume":"90","author":"Quintal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082098","article-title":"Bone mineral density of the spine in 11,898 Chinese infants and young children: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2004.17.7.959","article-title":"Areal bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in 80 premature newborns: a prospective and longitudinal study","volume":"17","author":"Yeste","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06488.x","article-title":"Factors influencing body composition of premature infants at term-adjusted age","volume":"904","author":"Atkinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpedi.2014.12.011","article-title":"Evaluation of isometric force in lower limbs and body composition in preterm infants","volume":"83","author":"Mata Zubillaga","year":"2015","journal-title":"An. Pediatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1730801","article-title":"The long-term impacts of preterm birth and associated morbidities on bone health in preschool children: a prospective cross-sectional study from Turkey","volume":"35","author":"Ba\u015f","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0260","first-page":"254","article-title":"Bone mineral status in preterm-born children: assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","volume":"68","author":"Hori","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol. Neonate"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08868.x","article-title":"Body composition in appropriate and in small for gestational age infants","volume":"86","author":"Lapillonne","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623168","article-title":"Influence of birth weight on adult bone mineral density","volume":"3","author":"Hamed","year":"1993","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s002230001193","article-title":"Higher osteocalcin levels and cross-links excretion in young men born with low birth weight","volume":"67","author":"Szathm\u00e1ri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116656","article-title":"Diagnostic markers of metabolic bone disease of prematurity in preterm infants","volume":"169","author":"L\u00fc","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1862","article-title":"Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents","volume":"122","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1595","article-title":"Bone mineralization and growth are enhanced in preterm infants fed an isocaloric, nutrient-enriched preterm formula through term","volume":"80","author":"Lapillonne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2008.9984","article-title":"Does vitamin D make the world go \u2018round\u2019?","volume":"3","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103442","article-title":"Monitored supplementation of vitamin D in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Ko\u0142odziejczyk-Nowotarska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.03.028","article-title":"A comparison of 3 vitamin D dosing regimens in extremely preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"174","author":"Fort","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1676","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0420","article-title":"Calcium and vitamin d requirements of enterally fed preterm infants","volume":"131","author":"Abrams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1344-9","article-title":"Does birthweight predict bone mass in adulthood? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Baird","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R115","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0089","article-title":"Influence of body weight on bone mass, architecture and turnover","volume":"230","author":"Iwaniec","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-2039-5","article-title":"Review: developmental origins of osteoporotic fracture","volume":"17","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1454-8","article-title":"A theoretical analysis of the relative influences of peak BMD, age-related bone loss and menopause on the development of osteoporosis","volume":"14","author":"Hernandez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12876","article-title":"Bone mineral density in very low birthweight adults-a sibling study","volume":"36","author":"Sandboge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae035","article-title":"Loss of maternal calcitriol reversibly alters early offspring growth and skeletal development in mice","volume":"39","author":"Hartery","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02272-9","article-title":"Pilot dose-ranging of rhIGF-1\/rhIGFBP-3 in a preterm lamb model of evolving bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"93","author":"Albertine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-020518-115142","article-title":"Translational advances in pediatric nutrition and gastroenterology: new insights from pig models","volume":"8","author":"Burrin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae064","article-title":"Skeletal consequences of preterm birth in pigs as a model for preterm infants","volume":"39","author":"Wilson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068763","article-title":"A pig model of the preterm neonate: anthropometric and physiological characteristics","volume":"8","author":"Eiby","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-39922-8","article-title":"Early neuropathological and neurobehavioral consequences of preterm birth in a rabbit model","volume":"9","author":"van der Merwe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228985","article-title":"Association of novel markers of liver disease with neonatal liver disease in premature baboons, Papio sp","volume":"15","author":"Keller","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0375","first-page":"109","article-title":"Total body bone mineral content in small-for-gestational -age, appropriate-for-gestational -age, large-for-gestational -age term infants and appropriate-for-gestational -age preterm infants","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.5.810","article-title":"Bone mineralization and turnover in preterm infants at 8-12 years of age: the effect of early diet","volume":"14","author":"Fewtrell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-0069-3","article-title":"Preterm children born small for gestational age are at risk for low adult bone mass","volume":"98","author":"Buttazzoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0390","article-title":"Use of fracture risk assessment tool in clinical practice and fracture risk assessment tool future directions","volume":"20","author":"Zerikly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Womens Health (Lond)"},{"issue":"7695","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25753","article-title":"Meta-analysis and the science of research synthesis","volume":"555","author":"Gurevitch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2008.59","article-title":"Growth and bone mineralization in children born prematurely","volume":"28","author":"Chan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Perinatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1263299","article-title":"Preterm birth and adolescent bone mineral content","volume":"28","author":"Erlandson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115648","article-title":"Bone health in young adult survivors born extremely preterm or extremely low birthweight in the post surfactant era","volume":"143","author":"Haikerwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000135","article-title":"Decreased bone mineral density in adults born with very low birth weight: a cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Hovi","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1998.tb01525.x","article-title":"Determinants of bone mineral density in prematurely born children aged 6-7 years","volume":"87","author":"Kurl","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F109","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.83.2.F109","article-title":"Effects of prematurity, intrauterine growth status, and early dexamethasone treatment on postnatal bone mineralisation","volume":"83","author":"Kurl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.06.028","article-title":"Maternal preeclampsia and bone mineral density of the adult offspring","volume":"209","author":"Miettola","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s007740050033","article-title":"Bone status assessment in preterm and term infants by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry","volume":"16","author":"Mori","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.104291","article-title":"Growth of adolescents who were born at extremely low birth weight without major disability","volume":"136","author":"Peralta-Carcelen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2005.10.004","article-title":"Adaptation of the Carter method to adjust lumbar spine bone mineral content for age and body size: application to children who were born preterm","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Densitom."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2011.04118.x","article-title":"Very low birth weight survivors have reduced peak bone mass and reduced insulin sensitivity","volume":"75","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(98)90266-9","article-title":"High-turnover osteopenia in preterm infants: determination of urinary pyridinium cross-links of collagen","volume":"47","author":"Tsukahara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000250206.79628.66","article-title":"Early life factors predict abnormal growth and bone accretion at prepuberty in former premature infants with\/without neonatal dexamethasone exposure","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(02)00003-8","article-title":"Growth and bone mineralization of young adults weighing less than 1500 g at birth","volume":"67","author":"Weiler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."}],"container-title":["Bone"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328225001310?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328225001310?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T14:18:21Z","timestamp":1778941101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S8756328225001310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["S8756328225001310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519","relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-3282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8756-3282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bone mineral density deficits in individuals born preterm persist through young adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of DXA studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bone","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117519","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117519"}}