{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T15:11:22Z","timestamp":1778944282546,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101151143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101151143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bone"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T15:49:36Z","timestamp":1768751376000},"page":"117799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Modeling rare genetic skeletal disorders with bone organoids: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Micha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Escalante Quir\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth Marelise W.","family":"Eekhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivi M.","family":"Heine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hyuck","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidiia","family":"Zhytnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2024.117034","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and fatigue in adult rare bone disease patients: a cross-sectional study from Austria","volume":"181","author":"Behanova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.23.4.328","article-title":"The birth prevalence rates for the skeletal dysplasias","volume":"23","author":"Orioli","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.63132","article-title":"Nosology of genetic skeletal disorders: 2023 revision","volume":"191","author":"Unger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-06791-x","article-title":"Improving care pathways for people living with rare bone diseases (RBDs): outcomes from the first RBD summit","volume":"34","author":"Chandran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0025","article-title":"Rare genetic skeletal disorders: evolving terminology, therapies, education and advocacy","volume":"7","author":"Tosi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop. Soc. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02652556","article-title":"Demonstration of cellular aging and senescence in serially passaged long-term cultures of human trabecular osteoblasts","volume":"7","author":"Kassem","year":"1997","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnae004","article-title":"Preclinical rodent models for human bone disease, including a focus on cortical bone","volume":"45","author":"Koh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20629","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203452","article-title":"A systematic dissection of human primary osteoblasts in vivo at single-cell resolution","volume":"13","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0045","article-title":"Bone formation in 2D culture of primary cells","volume":"7","author":"Mertz","year":"2022","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.892799","article-title":"Editorial: innovative models in bone biology: what can be learned from rare bone diseases?","volume":"13","author":"de Vries","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd6495","article-title":"Trabecular bone organoid model for studying the regulation of localized bone remodeling","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00376-y","article-title":"Engineering bone\/cartilage organoids: strategy, progress, and application","volume":"12","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1459891","article-title":"Advance in the application of organoids in bone diseases","volume":"12","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12182869","article-title":"Co-culture of osteoblasts and endothelial cells on a microfiber scaffold to construct bone-like tissue with vascular networks","volume":"12","author":"Inomata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.029","article-title":"Identification of the human skeletal stem cell","volume":"175","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2211510120","article-title":"Modeling human skeletal development using human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"120","author":"Lamand\u00e9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063417","article-title":"In vitro modelling of osteogenesis imperfecta with patient-derived induced mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"25","author":"Claeys","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-8-190","article-title":"Induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with human fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva show increased mineralization and cartilage formation","volume":"8","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1459891","article-title":"Advance in the application of organoids in bone diseases","volume":"12","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10143141","article-title":"Restoration of osteogenesis by crispr\/cas9 genome editing of the mutated col1a1 gene in osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"10","author":"Jung","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.01.012","article-title":"The influence of water removal on the strength and toughness of cortical bone","volume":"39","author":"Nyman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.20.7666","article-title":"A missense mutation in the human liver\/bone\/kidney alkaline phosphatase gene causing a lethal form of hypophosphatasia","volume":"85","author":"Weiss","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-021-02302-2","article-title":"Collagen transport and related pathways in osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"140","author":"Claeys","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202004418","article-title":"In vitro mineralization of collagen","volume":"33","author":"Oosterlaken","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(89)90202-9","article-title":"The relative effects of collagen fiber orientation, porosity, density, and mineralization on bone strength","volume":"22","author":"Martin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.01.010","article-title":"Autosomal-recessive Hypophosphatemic rickets is associated with an inactivation mutation in the ENPP1 gene","volume":"86","author":"Levy-Litan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-021-00818-w","article-title":"Bone properties in osteogenesis imperfecta: what can we learn from a bone biopsy beyond histology?","volume":"171","author":"M\u00e4hr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wien. Med. Wochenschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2020.107556","article-title":"Alterations of bone material properties in adult patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH)","volume":"211","author":"Fratzl-Zelman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7S","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514529150","article-title":"Rare bone diseases and their dental, Oral, and craniofacial manifestations","volume":"93","author":"Foster","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-002-0578-9","article-title":"Malignant infantile osteopetrosis intially presenting with neonatal hypocalcemia: case report","volume":"82","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61035-1","article-title":"Pathogenesis and management of Paget's disease of bone","volume":"372","author":"Ralston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0160","article-title":"Histopathology of osteogenesis imperfecta bone. Supramolecular assessment of cells and matrices in the context of woven and lamellar bone formation using light, polarization and ultrastructural microscopy","volume":"14","author":"Shapiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0165","first-page":"439","article-title":"Hypophosphatasia and the role of alkaline phosphatase in skeletal mineralization","volume":"15","author":"Whyte","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00539-8","article-title":"Paget's disease of long bones: microstructural analyses of historical bone samples","volume":"105","author":"Nebot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2022.116420","article-title":"Bone-microarchitecture and bone-strength in a sample of adults with hypophosphatasia and a matched reference population assessed by HR-pQCT and impact microindentation","volume":"160","author":"Hepp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae013","article-title":"Bone microarchitecture and strength assessment in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta using HR-pQCT: normative comparison and challenges","volume":"39","author":"Bevers","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0185","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of quality and bone microarchitecture alterations in Osteopetrosis patients: assessed by HR-PQCT","volume":"00","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199401000-00019","article-title":"Fibrous dysplasia associated with cortical bony destruction: Ct and mr findings","volume":"18","author":"Yao","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-024-01274-1","article-title":"Heterozygous mutations in the straitjacket region of the latency-associated peptide domain of TGFB2 cause Camurati-Engelmann disease type II","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117477","article-title":"Transforming growth factor, beta-2 gene mutation causes autosomal dominant Camurati-Engelmann disease, type 2 (OMIM % 606631)","volume":"197","author":"Mumm","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-4-5","article-title":"Osteopetrosis","volume":"4","author":"Stark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1107","article-title":"Impaired osteoblastogenesis in a murine model of dominant osteogenesis imperfecta: a new target for osteogenesis imperfecta pharmacological therapy","volume":"30","author":"Gioia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199902000-00010","article-title":"Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII: clinical features and molecular defects","volume":"81","author":"Giunta","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. - Series A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2016.12.007","article-title":"Cleidocranial dysplasia: clinical, endocrinologic and molecular findings in 15 patients from 11 families","volume":"60","author":"Din\u00e7soy Bir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-0079-1","article-title":"Alkaline phosphatase and Hypophosphatasia","volume":"98","author":"Mill\u00e1n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedex.2014.12.002","article-title":"Craniometaphyseal dysplasia and otolaryngology findings","volume":"10","author":"Esteves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol Extra"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4668","article-title":"Early-onset osteoporosis: rare monogenic forms elucidate the complexity of disease pathogenesis beyond type I collagen","volume":"37","author":"Costantini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0240","first-page":"231","article-title":"Pycnodysostosis: a growth hormone responsive skeletal dysplasia","volume":"7","author":"Omer Sulaiman","year":"2021","journal-title":"AACE Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1794","article-title":"Van Buchem disease: clinical, biochemical, and densitometric features of patients and disease carriers","volume":"28","author":"Van Lierop","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6174","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176174","article-title":"Hajdu\u2013Cheney Syndrome: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Cort\u00e9s-Mart\u00edn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-023-00311-7","article-title":"RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and G\u03b1s variant expression and enables osteogenic maturation in fibrous dysplasia","volume":"12","author":"de Castro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00628","article-title":"Osteoclast-derived extracellular vesicles: novel regulators of osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast-osteoblasts communication in bone remodeling","volume":"9","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9092073","article-title":"Osteoblast-osteoclast communication and bone homeostasis","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-025-00440-1","article-title":"Osteoclast-independent osteocyte dendrite defects in mice bearing the osteogenesis imperfecta-causing Sp7 R342C mutation","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1457344","article-title":"Novel insights from human induced pluripotent stem cells on origins and roles of fibro\/adipogenic progenitors as heterotopic ossification precursors","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1168306","article-title":"The intricate mechanism of PLS3 in bone homeostasis and disease","volume":"14","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020564","article-title":"A mutation affecting the latency-associated peptide of TGF\u03b21 in Camurati-Engelmann disease enhances osteoclast formation in vitro","volume":"88","author":"McGowan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v11.i9.578","article-title":"Suitability and limitations of mesenchymal stem cells to elucidate human bone illness","volume":"11","author":"Mitxitorena","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26020804","article-title":"Fabrication of hard tissue constructs from induced pluripotent stem cells for exploring mechanisms of hereditary tooth\/skeletal dysplasia","volume":"26","author":"Kondo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szad018","article-title":"Patient-specific iPSC-derived models link aberrant endoplasmic reticulum stress sensing and response to juvenile osteochondritis Dissecans etiology","volume":"12","author":"Salazar-Noratto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.173449","article-title":"Modeling skeletal dysplasia in Hurler syndrome using patient-derived bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells","volume":"9","author":"Donsante","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-017-0754-4","article-title":"Targeted reversion of induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with human cleidocranial dysplasia improves bone regeneration in a rat calvarial bone defect model","volume":"9","author":"Saito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2013.11.006","article-title":"Human iPSC-based modeling of late-onset disease via Progerin-induced aging","volume":"13","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1221","article-title":"Pathogenic mutation of ALK2 inhibits induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming and maintenance: mechanisms of reprogramming and strategy for drug identification","volume":"30","author":"Hamasaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0325","article-title":"BMP-SMAD-ID promotes reprogramming to pluripotency by inhibiting p16\/INK4A-dependent senescence","volume":"113","author":"Designed Research; Y, S. Y. H. & Performed Research; Y, B. R. C. H","year":"1603","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-022-02506-3","article-title":"Recapitulation of pro-inflammatory signature of monocytes with ACVR1A mutation using FOP patient-derived iPSCs","volume":"17","author":"Maekawa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14030349","article-title":"Intersections of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and traumatic heterotopic ossification","volume":"14","author":"Juan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06526-2","article-title":"A multi-stem cell basis for craniosynostosis and calvarial mineralization","volume":"621","author":"Bok","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.029","article-title":"Identification of the human skeletal stem cell","volume":"175","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14003-6","article-title":"Identification of osteoclast-osteoblast coupling factors in humans reveals links between bone and energy metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Weivoda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-018-0029-4","article-title":"Alpl prevents bone ageing sensitivity by specifically regulating senescence and differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05444-4","article-title":"Mutations in fibronectin dysregulate chondrogenesis in skeletal dysplasia","volume":"81","author":"Dinesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI170369","article-title":"The IFITM5 mutation in osteogenesis imperfecta type V is associated with an ERK\/SOX9-dependent osteoprogenitor differentiation defect","volume":"134","author":"Marom","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1080\/03008207.2022.2036735","article-title":"Collagen misfolding mutations: the contribution of the unfolded protein response to the molecular pathology","volume":"63","author":"Bateman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Connect. Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00349-1","article-title":"Schnurri-3 inhibition rescues skeletal fragility and vascular skeletal stem cell niche pathology in the OIM model of osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.01.059","article-title":"Exogenous type I collagen facilitates osteogenic differentiation and acts as a substrate for mineralization of rat marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro","volume":"341","author":"Kihara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0385","article-title":"Collagen type I promotes osteogenic differentiation of amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in basal and induction media","volume":"40, BSR20201325","author":"Akhir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2023.102111","article-title":"AAV-based gene editing of type 1 collagen mutation to treat osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2017.04.003","article-title":"Gene expression profiling of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from osteogenesis imperfecta patients during osteoblast differentiation","volume":"60","author":"Kaneto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab679","article-title":"Osteogenesis imperfecta: the impact of genotype and clinical phenotype on adiposity and resting energy expenditure","volume":"107","author":"Ballenger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1107","article-title":"Impaired osteoblastogenesis in a murine model of dominant osteogenesis imperfecta: a new target for osteogenesis imperfecta pharmacological therapy","volume":"30","author":"Gioia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae123","article-title":"Multi-omics analyses reveal aberrant differentiation trajectory with WNT1 loss-of-function in type XV osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"39","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2025.02.013","article-title":"Human skeletal development and regeneration are shaped by functional diversity of stem cells across skeletal sites","volume":"32","author":"Ambrosi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071694","article-title":"Regulation of proliferation, differentiation and functions of osteoblasts by runx2","volume":"20","author":"Komori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070280606","article-title":"Mechanism of longitudinal bone growth and its regulation by growth plate chondrocytes","volume":"28","author":"Hunziker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.01.037","article-title":"Chondrogenic pre-induction of human mesenchymal stem cells on \u03b2-TCP: enhanced bone quality by endochondral heterotopic bone formation","volume":"6","author":"Janicki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24479","article-title":"Achondroplasia: development, pathogenesis, and therapy","volume":"246","author":"Ornitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0440","series-title":"Obstetric Imaging: Fetal Diagnosis and Care: Second Edition 264-267.e1","article-title":"FGFR3 disorders: Thanatophoric dysplasia, achondroplasia, and Hypochondroplasia","author":"Krakow","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0445","series-title":"An Organoid for Woven Bone","author":"A","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-023-01101-3","article-title":"Medical care use among patients with monogenic osteoporosis due to rare variants in LRP5, PLS3, or WNT1","volume":"113","author":"Verdonk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0455","series-title":"SOST-related Sclerosing Bone Dysplasias","author":"Appelman-Dijkstra","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.09.023","article-title":"Lrp4 mediates bone homeostasis and Mechanotransduction through interaction with Sclerostin in vivo","volume":"20","author":"Bullock","year":"2019","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13171507","article-title":"Functional insights in PLS3-mediated osteogenic regulation","volume":"13","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00376-y","article-title":"Engineering bone\/cartilage organoids: strategy, progress, and application","volume":"12","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.105840","article-title":"Standardization and consensus in the development and application of bone organoids","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10110","article-title":"Applications of decellularized extracellular matrix in bone and cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00757","article-title":"The bone extracellular matrix in bone formation and regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1054379","article-title":"Silk fibroin scaffolds: a promising candidate for bone regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-021-00643-1","article-title":"Matrigel: history\/background, uses, and future applications","volume":"16","author":"Passaniti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9070588","article-title":"Recent Progress in hyaluronic-acid-based hydrogels for bone tissue engineering","volume":"9","author":"Hwang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2024.103080","article-title":"Mineralized collagen scaffolds for regenerative engineering applications","volume":"86","author":"Kolliopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0510","article-title":"Bone tissue engineering techniques, advances and scaffolds for treatment of bone defects","volume":"17","author":"Alonzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics9070428","article-title":"Development of innovative biocomposites with collagen, keratin and hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering","volume":"9","author":"Popescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomimetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.773636","article-title":"Function and mechanism of RGD in bone and cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.10485","article-title":"Plant-based scaffolds and osteogenesis: a systematic review","volume":"74","author":"Gul","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1243\/09544119JEIM836","article-title":"Bioactive glass scaffolds for bone regeneration and their hierarchical characterisation","volume":"224","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282241254741","article-title":"Mg-Sr-ca containing bioactive glass nanoparticles hydrogel modified mineralized collagen scaffold for bone repair","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17051218","article-title":"Suitability of gelatin methacrylate and hydroxyapatite hydrogels for 3D-bioprinted bone tissue","volume":"17","author":"Stolarov","year":"2024","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202104165","article-title":"Self-assembling peptide-based hydrogels for wound tissue repair","volume":"9","author":"Guan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35284","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c04015","article-title":"3D-printed PCL scaffolds coated with Nanobioceramics enhance osteogenic differentiation of stem cells","volume":"6","author":"Fazeli","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0555","article-title":"Skeletal stem cells: insights into maintaining and regenerating the skeleton","volume":"147","author":"Serowoky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development (Cambridge)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10082074","article-title":"The adipose-derived stem cell and endothelial cell Coculture system-role of growth factors?","volume":"10","author":"Steiner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.892799","article-title":"Editorial: innovative models in bone biology: what can be learned from rare bone diseases?","volume":"13","author":"de Vries","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0570","article-title":"3D-bioprinted patient-specific organotypic bone model mimicking mineralization dysregulation in FKBP10-related osteogenesis imperfecta","volume":"2024.05.20.594917","author":"Griesbach","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00394","article-title":"Human fibroblasts as a model for the study of bone disorders","volume":"11","author":"Claeys","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12131676","article-title":"Multilineage differentiating stress enduring (muse) cells: a new era of stem cell-based therapy","volume":"12","author":"Alanazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1380785","article-title":"Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells: a powerful tool for tissue damage repair","volume":"12","author":"Que","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/768391","article-title":"A comparative view on human somatic cell sources for iPSC generation","volume":"2014","author":"Raab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/stmcls\/sxac020","article-title":"Human induced pluripotent stem cells: from cell origin, genomic stability, and epigenetic memory to translational medicine","volume":"40","author":"Poetsch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021014","article-title":"Advanced cellular models for rare disease study: exploring neural, muscle and skeletal organoids","volume":"25","author":"Bombieri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2019.101600","article-title":"Robust generation of erythroid and multilineage hematopoietic progenitors from human iPSCs using a scalable monolayer culture system","volume":"41","author":"Ruiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12172200","article-title":"Human iPSCs as model systems for BMP-related rare diseases","volume":"12","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Duffhues","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01701-y","article-title":"Generation of gene-corrected functional osteoclasts from osteopetrotic induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Xian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4915","article-title":"VEGF secretion drives bone formation in classical MAP2K1+ Melorheostosis","volume":"38","author":"Allbritton-King","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2017.02.004","article-title":"iPS cell technologies and their prospect for bone regeneration and disease modeling: a mini review","volume":"8","author":"Csobonyeiova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v13.i8.1094","article-title":"Methods to produce induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells: mesenchymal stem cells from induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"13","author":"Dupuis","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-023-03547-6","article-title":"Comparison of osteoclast differentiation protocols from human induced pluripotent stem cells of different tissue origins","volume":"14","author":"Bl\u00fcmke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26761","article-title":"Human iPSC-derived osteoblasts and osteoclasts together promote bone regeneration in 3D biomaterials","volume":"6","author":"Jeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.3854","article-title":"Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into osteoclasts","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bio-Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2023.05.009","article-title":"Organoids are not organs: sources of variation and misinformation in organoid biology","volume":"18","author":"Jensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0655","article-title":"Single-cell analysis of prenatal and postnatal human cortical development","volume":"382","author":"Velmeshev","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science (1979)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2025.03.012","article-title":"Integrated molecular-phenotypic profiling reveals metabolic control of morphological variation in a stem-cell-based embryo model","volume":"32","author":"Villaronga-Luque","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0665","series-title":"Musculoskeletal Organoids: An Emerging Toolkit for Establishing Personalized Models of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Developing Regenerative Therapies","author":"Liu","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.824812","article-title":"Recent advances in enhancement strategies for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering","volume":"10","author":"Zha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-024-00689-6","article-title":"Cell signaling and transcriptional regulation of osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2015.2340","article-title":"Lithium chloride attenuates the abnormal osteogenic\/adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells obtained from rats with steroid-related osteonecrosis by activating the \u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"36","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0685","article-title":"Role of histone deacetylases in bone development and skeletal disorders","volume":"143","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145123","article-title":"Platelet lysate induces in human osteoblasts resumption of cell proliferation and activation of pathways relevant for revascularization and regeneration of damaged bone","volume":"21","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2023.07.011","article-title":"Platelet lysate for expansion or osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for 3D tissue constructs","volume":"24","author":"Anerillas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Regen. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2013","article-title":"The control of human mesenchymal cell differentiation using nanoscale symmetry and disorder","volume":"6","author":"Dalby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.239.287","article-title":"Hypoxia promotes osteogenesis of human placental-derived mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"239","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2005.02.002","article-title":"Porosity of 3D biomaterial scaffolds and osteogenesis","volume":"26","author":"Karageorgiou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101522","article-title":"Stimulation of human osteoblast differentiation in magneto-mechanically actuated ferromagnetic Fiber networks","volume":"8","author":"Levy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ac73b9","article-title":"Long-term mechanical loading is required for the formation of 3D bioprinted functional osteocyte bone organoids","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27142","article-title":"Direct electrical stimulation enhances osteogenesis by inducing Bmp2 and Spp1 expressions from macrophages and preosteoblasts","volume":"116","author":"Srirussamee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0730","first-page":"356","article-title":"Embedded 3D bioprinting \u2013 an emerging strategy to fabricate biomimetic & large vascularized tissue constructs","volume":"32","author":"Budharaju","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12091230","article-title":"Three-dimensional bioprinting applications for bone tissue engineering","volume":"12","author":"Maresca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-022-00118-6","article-title":"A guide to the organ-on-a-chip","volume":"2","author":"Leung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Methods Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.675013","article-title":"Cell tracking for organoids: lessons from developmental biology","volume":"9","author":"Betjes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08189-z","article-title":"A multi-omic atlas of human embryonic skeletal development","volume":"635","author":"To, K","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-021-00662-2","article-title":"Single cell omics for musculoskeletal research","volume":"19","author":"Rai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-023-00778-7","article-title":"SP7: from bone development to skeletal disease","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02480-8","article-title":"Spatial transcriptomic approaches for characterising the bone marrow landscape: pitfalls and potential","volume":"39","author":"Cooper","year":"2024","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0770","first-page":"1","article-title":"Jawbone-like organoids generated from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"2025","author":"Motoike","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/acf95a","article-title":"Biofabrication of an in-vitro bone model for Gaucher disease","volume":"15","author":"Banerjee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13090729","article-title":"Patient-derived organoids recapitulate pathological intrinsic and phenotypic features of fibrous dysplasia","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07717-9","article-title":"Modeling mesenchymal stromal cell support to hematopoiesis within a novel 3D artificial marrow organoid system","volume":"15","author":"Schell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-024-02172-2","article-title":"Generation of complex bone marrow organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"21","author":"Frenz-Wiessner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.11.003","article-title":"Self-organization of the hematopoietic vascular niche and emergent innate immunity on a chip","volume":"31","author":"Georgescu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000578","article-title":"Organ-on-chip: a new paradigm for clinical trials \u2013 correspondence","volume":"109","author":"Chopra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.557111","article-title":"Design and evaluation of an osteogenesis-on-a-Chip microfluidic device incorporating 3D cell culture","volume":"8","author":"Bahmaee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2025.112553","article-title":"Sequential angiogenic-osteogenic coupling via a spatiotemporally graded hydrogel enables vascularized bone organoids for critical-sized calvarial defect reconstruction","volume":"302","author":"Lou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202501376","article-title":"3D bioprinting of Prevascularized bone organoids for rapid in situ cranial bone reconstruction","volume":"14","author":"Duan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5367887","article-title":"Vascularization of a bone organoid using dental pulp stem cells","volume":"2023","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/15476278.2021.1954769","article-title":"Osteogenic and Angiogenic synergy of human adipose stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells Cocultured in a modified perfusion bioreactor","volume":"17","author":"Mokhtari-Jafari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Organogenesis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ac23ae","article-title":"miRNA induced co-differentiation and cross-talk of adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells for 3D heterotypic pre-vascularized bone formation","volume":"13","author":"Celik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0835","article-title":"Microsphere strategy to generate conformal bone organoid units with osteoimmunomodulation and sustainable oxygen supply for bone regeneration","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0840","article-title":"3D multicellular scaffold based model for advancing bone disorder research","author":"Guterman-Ram","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.11.005","article-title":"Generation of self-organized neuromusculoskeletal tri-tissue organoids from human pluripotent stem cells","volume":"32","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/biotech10030012","article-title":"Ethical challenges in organoid use","volume":"10","author":"Mollaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioTech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00934","article-title":"High Fidelity of mouse models mimicking human genetic skeletal disorders","volume":"10","author":"Brommage","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb9265","article-title":"Human and mouse bones physiologically integrate in a humanized mouse model while maintaining species-specific ultrastructure","volume":"6","author":"Moreno-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1057\/biosoc.2013.39","article-title":"Patients' attitudes towards animal testing: \u2018to conduct research on animals is, i suppose, a necessary evil\u2019","volume":"9","author":"Masterton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosocieties"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.113884","article-title":"Ethics of involving animals in research","volume":"3","author":"Mandal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-016-0100-x","article-title":"The ethics of animal research: a survey of the public and scientists in North America","volume":"17","author":"Joffe","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med. Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-024-04065-9","article-title":"Comparative analysis of regulations and studies on stem cell therapies: focusing on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based treatments","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-083115-022536","article-title":"Lessons from HeLa cells: the ethics and policy of biospecimens","volume":"17","author":"Beskow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36310","article-title":"3D printed hyperelastic \u2018bone\u2019 scaffolds and regional gene therapy: a novel approach to bone healing HHS public access","volume":"106","author":"Alluri","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e899","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00143-1","article-title":"Global health in low-income and middle-income countries: a framework for action","volume":"9","author":"Olufadewa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799_bb0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2021.05.012","article-title":"ISSCR guidelines for stem cell research and clinical translation: the 2021 update","volume":"16","author":"Lovell-Badge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."}],"container-title":["Bone"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328226000256?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328226000256?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T14:18:13Z","timestamp":1778941093000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S8756328226000256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":180,"alternative-id":["S8756328226000256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799","relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-3282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8756-3282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modeling rare genetic skeletal disorders with bone organoids: a narrative review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bone","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117799","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117799"}}