{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T14:48:21Z","timestamp":1777906101997,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008484","name":"BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030825","name":"Ascendis Pharma Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bone"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:48:48Z","timestamp":1770223728000},"page":"117818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Practical guidance for clinicians to optimise orthopaedic outcomes in achondroplasia: International Achondroplasia Forum guiding principles"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Kunkel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9597-7225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Vleggeert-Lankamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Riganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9286-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Leiva-Gea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Boero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2804-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svein","family":"Fredwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5113-8657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Mohnike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9871-4578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geert","family":"Mortier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4914-1793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keita","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5305-5133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Sessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melita","family":"Irving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61787","article-title":"Birth prevalence of achondroplasia: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"182","author":"Foreman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-018-0972-6","article-title":"Achondroplasia: a comprehensive clinical review","volume":"14","author":"Pauli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00595-x","article-title":"International consensus statement on the diagnosis, multidisciplinary management and lifelong care of individuals with achondroplasia","volume":"18","author":"Savarirayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2021.115872","article-title":"Lifetime impact of achondroplasia: current evidence and perspectives on the natural history","volume":"146","author":"Hoover-Fong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6166","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2021.1963853","article-title":"Quality of life, physical functioning, and psychosocial function among patients with achondroplasia : a targeted literature review","volume":"44","author":"Constantinides","year":"2022","journal-title":"Disabil. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2147\/TACG.S51485","article-title":"Optimal management of complications associated with achondroplasia","author":"Ireland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Clin. Genet."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02102-2","article-title":"Prevalence of mental health conditions and pain in adults with skeletal dysplasia","volume":"28","author":"Jennings","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fagereng E, Htwe S, McDonald S, Derocher C, Bertoli M, Carter E, et al. Mental health conditions, physical functioning, and health-related quality of life in adults with a skeletal dysplasia: a cross-sectional multinational study. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2025 Mar 11;20(1):116.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-025-03610-w"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/18632521241269340","article-title":"Achondroplasia: current concept of orthopaedic management","volume":"18","author":"Mindler","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Child. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park KW, Garcia R an N, Rejuso CA, Choi JW, Song HR. Limb lengthening in patients with achondroplasia. Yonsei Med. J. 2015 Nov 1;56(6):1656\u201362.","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2015.56.6.1656"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e7cb2a","article-title":"Laminectomy in patients with achondroplasia: the impact of time to surgery on long-term function","volume":"36","author":"Carlisle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maghnie M, Semler O, Guillen-Navarro E, Selicorni A, Heath KE, Haeusler G, et al. Lifetime impact of achondroplasia study in Europe (LIAISE): findings from a multinational observational study. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2023 Mar 15;18(1):56.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-023-02652-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-023-02738-x","article-title":"Achondroplasia natural history study (CLARITY): 60-year experience in orthopedic surgery from four skeletal dysplasia centers","volume":"18","author":"Nahm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01361","article-title":"Rates of perioperative complications associated with laminectomies in patients with achondroplasia","volume":"90","author":"Ain","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-01971-6","article-title":"The first European consensus on principles of management for achondroplasia","volume":"16","author":"Cormier-Daire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-022-03505-w","article-title":"Achondroplasia in Latin America: practical recommendations for the multidisciplinary care of pediatric patients","volume":"22","author":"Llerena","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubota T, Adachi M, Kitaoka T, Hasegawa K, Ohata Y, Fujiwara M, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for achondroplasia. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol Case Rep Clin Investig Off J Jpn Soc Pediatr Endocrinol. 2020;29(1):25\u201342, Clin. Pediatr. Endocrinol..","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.29.25"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2003.14.1.5","article-title":"Thoracolumbar spinal deformity in achondroplasia","volume":"14","author":"Misra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-024-08181-1","article-title":"Surgical outcome after treatment of thoracolumbar spinal stenosis in adults with achondroplasia","volume":"33","author":"Urbanschitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0100","series-title":"Anaesthesia Recommendations for Achondroplasia","author":"Oppitz","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-1010","article-title":"Health supervision for people with achondroplasia","volume":"145","author":"Hoover-Fong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0110","unstructured":"Wilson H. The role of physical medicine and rehabilitation in managing skeletal dysplasia. Int J Phys Med Rehabil. 2025 May 5;0(0):1\u20132."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-022-02442-2","article-title":"Optimising the diagnosis and referral of achondroplasia in Europe: European achondroplasia forum best practice recommendations","volume":"17","author":"Cormier-Daire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0120","unstructured":"Elliott EJ, Zurynski YA. Rare Diseases Are a \u2018Common\u2019 Problem for Clinicians. 2015;."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16290","article-title":"Australian guidelines for the management of children with achondroplasia","volume":"59","author":"Tofts","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-017-0347-2","article-title":"Current care and investigational therapies in achondroplasia","volume":"15","author":"Unger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0135","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Achondroplasia","author":"McDonald","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0140","unstructured":"Fredwall S. Consensus statement on management of achondroplasia. In: ESPE Abstracts [Internet]. Bioscientifica; 2024 [cited 2025 Dec 17]. Available from: https:\/\/abstracts.eurospe.org\/hrp\/0098\/hrp0098s7.3."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568221994786","article-title":"Complications and revisions after spine surgery in patients with skeletal dysplasia: have we improved?","volume":"13","author":"Shafi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217717973","article-title":"Dural tears in adult deformity surgery: incidence, risk factors, and outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Iyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2019.06.013","article-title":"Patients with musculoskeletal dysplasia undergoing total joint arthroplasty are at increased risk of surgical site infection","volume":"105","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0160","series-title":"Cited 2025 Aug 5","author":"University of New Hampshire. New England Regional Genetics Network","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0165","series-title":"A Phase 3, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Infigratinib in Children 3 to \u02c218 Years of Age With Achondroplasia: PROPEL 3","author":"QED Therapeutics","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0170","series-title":"A Phase 2b, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial Evaluating Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Doses of Navepegritide Administered Once Weekly for 52 Weeks in Adolescents (12\u201318 Years of Age) With Achondroplasia","author":"Ascendis Pharma A\/S","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0175","series-title":"A Multicenter, Phase 2, Dose-Escalation\/Dose-Expansion Study of TYRA-300 in Children With Achondroplasia With Open Growth Plates: BEACH301","author":"Tyra Biosciences","year":"2025"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anpedi.2024.09.005","article-title":"Expert consensus for the management of patients with achondroplasia in treatment with vosoritide","volume":"101","author":"Barreda-Bonis","year":"2024","journal-title":"An Pediatr\u00eda Engl Ed."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-024-01074-9","article-title":"International consensus guidelines on the implementation and monitoring of vosoritide therapy in individuals with achondroplasia","volume":"21","author":"Savarirayan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savarirayan R, Irving M, Wilcox WR, Bacino CA, Hoover-Fong JE, Harmatz P, et al. Persistent growth-promoting effects of vosoritide in children with achondroplasia are accompanied by improvements in physical and social aspects of health-related quality of life. Genet Med Off J Am Coll Med Genet. 2024 Dec;26(12):101274, Genet. Med..","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2024.101274"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(23)00265-1","article-title":"Vosoritide therapy in children with achondroplasia aged 3-59 months: a multinational, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"8","author":"Savarirayan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02705-9","article-title":"Vosoritide therapy in children with achondroplasia: early experience and practical considerations for clinical practice","volume":"41","author":"Semler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102258","article-title":"Once-weekly TransCon CNP (navepegritide) in children with achondroplasia (ACcomplisH): a phase 2, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial","volume":"65","author":"Savarirayan","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-025-08692-5","article-title":"Early evaluation and treatment of thoracolumbar kyphosis in children with achondroplasia","volume":"34","author":"Omara","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002586","article-title":"The efficacy of brace treatment for thoracolumbar kyphosis in patients with achondroplasia","volume":"43","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(23)00310-3","article-title":"New treatments for children with achondroplasia","volume":"8","author":"Savarirayan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saint-Laurent C, Garcia S, Sarrazy V, Dumas K, Authier F, Sore S, et al. Early postnatal soluble FGFR3 therapy prevents the atypical development of obesity in achondroplasia. Bader M, editor. PLoS One 2018 Apr 13;13(4):e0195876.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195876"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-020-01024-6","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and body composition in adults with achondroplasia","volume":"23","author":"Fredwall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.62096","article-title":"CLARITY: co-occurrences in achondroplasia-craniosynostosis, seizures, and decreased risk of diabetes mellitus","volume":"185","author":"Legare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31919","article-title":"Mortality in achondroplasia study: a 42-year follow-up","volume":"143A","author":"Wynn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-019-1247-6","article-title":"Obesity in achondroplasia patients: from evidence to medical monitoring","volume":"14","author":"Saint-Laurent","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31873","article-title":"Weight for age charts for children with achondroplasia","volume":"143A","author":"Hoover-Fong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.364","article-title":"Age-appropriate body mass index in children with achondroplasia: interpretation in relation to indexes of height","volume":"88","author":"Hoover-Fong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000862","article-title":"Walking out of the curve: thoracolumbar kyphosis in achondroplasia","volume":"38","author":"Margalit","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-020-01415-7","article-title":"Best practice guidelines for management of spinal disorders in skeletal dysplasia","volume":"15","author":"White","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0270","article-title":"High prevalence of symptomatic spinal stenosis in Norwegian adults with achondroplasia: a population-based study","volume":"15","author":"Fredwall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balci HI, Kocaoglu M, Sen C, Eralp L, Batibay SG, Bilsel K. Bilateral humeral lengthening in achondroplasia with unilateral external fixators: is it safe and does it improve daily life? Bone Jt J. 2015 Nov;97-B(11):1577\u201381.","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B11.36037"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3632-x","article-title":"Humeral lengthening in patients with achondroplasia and in patients with post-septic shortening: comparison of procedure efficiency and safety","volume":"42","author":"Shadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s11832-016-0789-6","article-title":"Humeral lengthening and deformity correction","volume":"10","author":"Hosny","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Child. Orthop."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s43465-020-00127-1","article-title":"Quality of life evaluation following limb lengthening surgery in patients with achondroplasia","volume":"54","author":"Bat\u0131bay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117462","article-title":"Limb lengthening in individuals with achondroplasia: analysis of an international survey","volume":"195","author":"Beger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-019-0541-3","article-title":"Limb lengthening history, evolution, complications and current concepts","volume":"21","author":"Hosny","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0305","series-title":"Guided Growth (Hemiepiphysiodesis)","author":"Sinai Hospital of Baltimore. International Center For Limb Lengthening","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002795","article-title":"The effectiveness of growth modulation using tension band plates in children with achondroplasia in comparison to children with idiopathic frontal axial deformities of the knee","volume":"45","author":"H\u00f6sl","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boero S, Vodopiutz J, Maghnie M, de Bergua JM, Ginebreda I, Kitoh H, et al. International expert opinion on the considerations for combining vosoritide and limb surgery: a modified delphi study. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2024 Sept 17;19(1):347.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-024-03236-4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0320","unstructured":"NYU Langone Helath. NYU Langone Helath. 2025 [Cited 2025 Aug 5]. Rehabilitation for Achondroplasia in Children. Available from: https:\/\/nyulangone.org\/conditions\/achondroplasia-in-children\/treatments\/rehabilitation-for-achondroplasia-in-children?."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-024-03061-y","article-title":"Considerations for anthropometry specific to people with disproportionate short stature","volume":"42","author":"Hoover-Fong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13072135","article-title":"Spinal postures and mobility in children with achondroplasia vs. age- and sex-matched healthy individuals: a preliminary report","volume":"13","author":"Bayartai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0335","first-page":"129","article-title":"Pain assessment: global use of the brief pain inventory","volume":"23","author":"Cleeland","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Acad. Med. Singap."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.9387","article-title":"The WeeFIM instrument: its utility in detecting change in children with developmental disabilities","volume":"81","author":"Ottenbacher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20110053","article-title":"The modified gait efficacy scale: establishing the psychometric properties in older adults","volume":"92","author":"Newell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ireland PJ, Savarirayan R, Pocovi T, Tate T, Coussens M, Tofts L, et al. Development of the screening tool for everyday mobility and symptoms (STEMS) for skeletal dysplasia. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2021 Jan 21;16(1):40.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-021-01681-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61903","article-title":"Assessing physical symptoms, daily functioning, and well-being in children with achondroplasia","volume":"185","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-76","article-title":"Assessing the quality of life of health-referred children and adolescents with short stature: development and psychometric testing of the QoLISSY instrument","volume":"11","author":"Bullinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200108000-00006","article-title":"PedsQL 4.0: reliability and validity of the pediatric quality of life inventory version 4.0 generic core scales in healthy and patient populations","volume":"39","author":"Varni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Care"}],"container-title":["Bone"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S875632822600044X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S875632822600044X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T13:09:30Z","timestamp":1777640970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S875632822600044X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S875632822600044X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818","relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-3282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8756-3282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Practical guidance for clinicians to optimise orthopaedic outcomes in achondroplasia: International Achondroplasia Forum guiding principles","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bone","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117818","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117818"}}