{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:24:57Z","timestamp":1793946297848,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bone"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T15:27:06Z","timestamp":1775316426000},"page":"117876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Plant-based dietary patterns and peak bone mass in healthy young adult women"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"208","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3973-6078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofija","family":"Zagarins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2948-4398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deniz","family":"Azarmanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9977-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Bertone-Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.14-2-187","article-title":"Osteoporosis and fracture risk in older people","volume":"14","author":"Coughlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Med."},{"issue":"9319","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08657-9","article-title":"Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures","volume":"359","author":"Cummings","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Lond. Engl."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e580","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00172-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of bone fractures in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X221083541","article-title":"Osteoporosis in 10 years time: a glimpse into the future of osteoporosis","volume":"14","author":"Adami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061113","article-title":"Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005-2025","volume":"22","author":"Burge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res. Off. J. Am. Soc. Bone Miner. Res."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0030","first-page":"S5","article-title":"The importance and relevance of peak bone mass in the prevalence of osteoporosis","volume":"51","author":"Bonjour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Salud P\u00fablica Mex."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101616","article-title":"Acquisition of peak bone mass","volume":"36","author":"Chevalley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.10.005","article-title":"Maximizing bone mineral mass gain during growth for the prevention of fractures in the adolescents and the elderly","volume":"46","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0748-y","article-title":"Factors influencing peak bone mass gain","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10817","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO00787K","article-title":"Effects of combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.073056","article-title":"Dairy products, yogurts, and bone health","volume":"99","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.013326","article-title":"Current evidence on the association of dietary patterns and bone health: a scoping review","volume":"8","author":"Movassagh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-020-00654-8","article-title":"Dietary patterns and pediatric bone","volume":"19","author":"Coheley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030555","article-title":"Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and bone mineral density in Spanish premenopausal women","volume":"11","author":"P\u00e9rez-Rey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.0482","article-title":"Dietary patterns and fractures in postmenopausal women: results from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative","volume":"176","author":"Haring","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-021-00955-0","article-title":"Comparison of human bone mineral densities in subjects on plant-based and omnivorous diets: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027480","article-title":"The impact of plant-based diets on female bone mineral density: evidence based on seventeen studies","volume":"100","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuy045","article-title":"Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Iguacel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.071621","article-title":"Vegetarian diets and bone status","volume":"100","author":"Tucker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.899375","article-title":"The effects of vegetarian diets on bone health: a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Falchetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_84_20","article-title":"Effects of vegetarian diet on bone mineral density","volume":"33","author":"Chuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tzu Chi Med J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000552","article-title":"Plant-based diets and bone health: sorting through the evidence","volume":"27","author":"Hsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010067","article-title":"Diet and consumer behavior in U.S. vegetarians: a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data report","volume":"19","author":"Storz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071220","article-title":"Consumer attitudes towards environmental concerns of meat consumption: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Sanchez-Sabate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.047","article-title":"Healthful and unhealthful plant-based diets and the risk of coronary heart disease in US adults","volume":"70","author":"Satija","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.6.837","article-title":"Uncritical use of bone mineral density in absorptiometry may lead to size-related artifacts in the identification of bone mineral determinants","volume":"60","author":"Prentice","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2012.01225.x","article-title":"Are existing measures of overall diet quality associated with peak bone mass in young premenopausal women?","volume":"25","author":"Zagarins","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hum. Nutr. Diet."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021001440","article-title":"Established diet quality indices are not universally associated with body composition in young adult women","volume":"24","author":"Zagarins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0145","series-title":"Nutritional Epidemiology","author":"Willett","year":"2013"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0150","first-page":"781","article-title":"Comparisons between Hologic, lunar and Norland dual-energy X-ray absorptiometers and other techniques used for whole-body soft tissue measurements","volume":"48","author":"Tothill","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-6-1332","article-title":"Clinical and anthropometric correlates of bone min- eral acquisition in healthy adolescent girls","volume":"73","author":"Katzman","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire","volume":"122","author":"Willett","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/18.4.858","article-title":"Food-based validation of a dietary questionnaire: the effects of week-to-week variation in food consumption","volume":"18","author":"Salvini","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0170","series-title":"Nutritive value of American foods. Agricultural handbook no. 456","author":"Adams","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0175","series-title":"Composition of Foods. Agricultural Handbook No. 8","author":"Consumer and Food Economic Institute","year":"1989"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.05.021","article-title":"Update of the healthy eating index: HEI-2015","volume":"118","author":"Krebs-Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Acad. Nutr. Diet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(94)90465-0","article-title":"Adolescent body mass index and infertility caused by ovulatory disorder","volume":"171","author":"Rich-Edwards","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynocology."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.11.1246","article-title":"Calcium and vitamin D intake and risk of incident premenstrual syndrome","volume":"165","author":"Bertone-Johnson","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199301000-00011","article-title":"Compendium of physical activities: classification of energy costs of human physical activities","volume":"25","author":"Ainsworth","year":"1993","journal-title":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0205","first-page":"383","article-title":"Young adult vegetarians in Shanghai have comparable bone health to omnivores despite lower serum 25(OH) vitamin D in vegans: a cross-sectional study","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511006787","article-title":"Dietary patterns and bone mineral status in young adults: the Northern Ireland young hearts project","volume":"108","author":"Whittle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020183","article-title":"The assessment of bone regulatory pathways, bone turnover, and bone mineral density in vegetarian and omnivorous children","volume":"10","author":"Ambroszkiewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.03.010","article-title":"Bone status and adipokine levels in children on vegetarian and omnivorous diets","volume":"38","author":"Ambroszkiewicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0225","first-page":"1","article-title":"Vegetarian-style dietary pattern during adolescence has long-term positive impact on bone from adolescence to young adulthood: a longitudinal study","volume":"17","author":"Movassagh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.6.1256S","article-title":"Race and diet interactions in the acquisition, maintenance, and loss of bone","volume":"138","author":"Walker","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1863-5","article-title":"Defining ethnic and racial differences in osteoporosis and fragility fractures","volume":"469","author":"Cauley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-2656-7","article-title":"Educational differences in the validity of self-reported physical activity","volume":"15","author":"Winckers","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0245","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition","first-page":"7","article-title":"Dietary intake measurement","author":"Welch","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876_bb0250","article-title":"Understanding the importance of peak bone mass","volume":"7","author":"Hereford","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Orthop. Soc. North Am."}],"container-title":["Bone"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S875632822600102X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S875632822600102X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T05:26:30Z","timestamp":1793942790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S875632822600102X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S875632822600102X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876","relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-3282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8756-3282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Plant-based dietary patterns and peak bone mass in healthy young adult women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bone","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117876","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117876"}}