{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:27:40Z","timestamp":1786123660771,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022600","name":"Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115-wf-eva-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115-wf-eva-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022600","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bone"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T21:58:42Z","timestamp":1782683922000},"page":"117997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"211","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6255-598X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duy Thang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ching","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Zhi","family":"Lian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6013-0665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nguyen Thai Bao","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9889-5054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Jie","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9729-6375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Pin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127348","article-title":"Avascular necrosis of femoral head-overview and current state of the art","volume":"19","author":"Konarski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i8.590","article-title":"Current concepts on osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"6","author":"Moya-Angeler","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Orthop."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2021.36.e65","article-title":"ARCO consensus on the pathogenesis of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"36","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.168017","article-title":"Prevalence of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head and its associated risk factors in the Chinese population: results from a nationally representative survey","volume":"128","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563218759371","article-title":"The bone remodelling cycle","volume":"55","author":"Kenkre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0030","article-title":"Risk factors and pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head - a scoping review","volume":"23","author":"Birla","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthop. Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-015-9277-8","article-title":"Pathophysiology and risk factors for osteonecrosis","volume":"8","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.4.180036","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the femoral head: pathophysiology and current concepts of treatment","volume":"4","author":"Petek","year":"2019","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20417314241310541","article-title":"Bioengineering strategies targeting angiogenesis: innovative solutions for osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999.0000000000000161","article-title":"Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events are associated with nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"476","author":"Sung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1258","article-title":"Real-world database examining the association between avascular necrosis of the femoral head and diabetes in Taiwan","volume":"42","author":"Lai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203816","article-title":"Extracorporeal shockwave relieves endothelial injury and dysfunction in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head via miR-135b targeting FOXO1: in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22707","article-title":"PM(2.5) exposure induces systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in an intracranial atherosclerosis rat model","volume":"34","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad425","article-title":"Ambient PM2.5 components are associated with bone strength: evidence from a China multi-ethnic study","volume":"109","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2087","article-title":"Validation of the National Health Insurance Research Database with ischemic stroke cases in Taiwan","volume":"20","author":"Cheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.3540","article-title":"Nationwide population science: lessons from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database","volume":"175","author":"Hsing","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S196293","article-title":"Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database: past and future","volume":"11","author":"Hsieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/46591","article-title":"Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and the rate of mortality after hip fracture surgery in patients older than 60 years: Nationwide cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"10","author":"Chuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.516948","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in the Hoorn study","volume":"112","author":"Dekker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2023.100815","article-title":"Environmental pollution and cardiovascular disease: part 1 of 2: air pollution","volume":"3","author":"Sagheer","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Adv."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2024-016974","article-title":"Cardiovascular health and economic outcomes under improved air quality in China: a modelling study","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.161117","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution exposure, bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"865","author":"Mousavibaygei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-022-06488-7","article-title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution might decrease bone mineral density T-score and increase the prevalence of osteoporosis in Hubei province: evidence from China osteoporosis prevalence study","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0120","article-title":"Long-term air pollution and adverse meteorological factors might elevate the osteoporosis risk among adult Chinese","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77379-6","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of elderly osteoporosis fractures and their association with air pollutants: a multi-center study in Hebei Province","volume":"14","author":"Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae109","article-title":"Fine particulate matter and osteoporosis: evidence, mechanisms, and emerging perspectives","volume":"202","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109465","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms linking air pollution and bone damage","volume":"185","author":"Prada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12010027","article-title":"Causal relationships between air pollutant exposure and bone mineral density and the risk of bone fractures: evidence from a two-stage Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"Suppl. 27","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13625","article-title":"Role of air pollutants mediated oxidative stress in respiratory diseases","volume":"33","author":"Traina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-024-00889-9","article-title":"Air pollution and osteoporosis","volume":"22","author":"Allen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0155","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of local microcirculation changes in early osteonecrosis of femoral head: DCE-MRI findings","volume":"Volume 9\u20132022","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0160","article-title":"Comprehensive review of health impacts of the exposure to nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matter (PM)","volume":"19","author":"Taha","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater. Adv."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.40917","article-title":"Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head reveals enhanced reactive oxygen species and hyperactive osteoclasts","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.17691\/stm2021.13.2.10","article-title":"Endocrine disruptors as a new etiologic factor of bone tissue diseases (review)","volume":"13","author":"Yaglova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sovrem Tekhnologii Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098263","article-title":"Endocrine disruptor-induced bone damage due to hormone dysregulation: a review","volume":"24","author":"Iwobi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21480","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00980-6","article-title":"Air pollutants are negatively associated with vitamin D-synthesizing UVB radiation intensity on the ground","volume":"11","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-017-0323-6","article-title":"Impact of air pollution on vitamin D deficiency and bone health in adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Feizabad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0190","article-title":"Causality of particulate matter on cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular biomarkers","volume":"Volume 11\u20132023","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-021-05961-z","article-title":"Association between outdoor particulate air pollution and the risk of osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."}],"container-title":["Bone"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328226002231?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S8756328226002231?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:43:30Z","timestamp":1786117410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S8756328226002231"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S8756328226002231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997","relation":{},"ISSN":["8756-3282"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8756-3282","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head: A nationwide cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Bone","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2026.117997","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117997"}}